Figure 3.

(A): Effect of oral administration of linaclotide (0.3, 3 or 30 microg/kg) or vehicle on acute restraint stress-induced colorectal hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD). (B): Effect of acute water avoidance stress on electromyografic response (EMG) to CRD. An acute session of water avoidance stress (WAS)-induced increased EMG response 24 h later. Linaclotide at 3 microg/kg p.o. completely abolished stress-induced hyperalgesia. Modified from Eutamene et al. [76]. (A) + = p < 0.05 vs. sham-stress + vehicle animals. * = p < 0.05 vs. stressed animals treated with vehicle and (B) * = p < 0.05 significantly different from baseline, + = p < 0.05 significantly different from pre-WAS.