Figure 3.

Tissue-resident lymphocytes are likely to play important roles in renal disease. Graphic summary of the so far identified functions of potentially tissue-resident innate, innate-like, and adaptive lymphocyte populations in AKI induced by ischemia and reperfusion,^{32,36,40,45,65,66,73} crescentic GN,^{44,48,51,57–59} and chronic progression of kidney disease.^34,35 The tissue residency of a subset of NK cells³² and the presence of conventional T_rm cells^8,17,72 in the murine kidney have been clearly shown (Table 1). Given the results from other organs, the existence of kidney-resident subsets among renal γδ T cells, ILCs, NKT cells, and CD4⁺ T cells can be assumed. However, the formal experimental proof of this hypothesis is still lacking. Red arrows depict proinflammatory mechanisms that promote disease progression, whereas green symbols represent anti-inflammatory effects that dampen tissue damage. AAM, alternatively activated macrophages; DN T, double-negative T cell, Treg, regulatory T cell.