JAK/STAT pathway is upregulated in the ReninAAV db/db uNx model of DKD. (A) Microarray analysis identified the JAK/STAT pathway as a top pathway upregulated in ReninAAV db/db uNx mice at both 8 and 12 weeks of ReninAAV treatment compared with LacZ db/db uNx controls, including Stat3, Jak2, IL6Ra, and Socs3. (B) Taqman analysis verified microarray data and showed that genes of the JAK/STAT pathway are upregulated in ReninAAV db/db uNx mice compared with LacZ controls. (C and D) Serum IL-6 and MCP-1 were upregulated in ReninAAV db/db uNx mice compared with db/m or db/db uNx controls. (E) Protein expression of pSTAT3 is upregulated in ReninAAV db/db uNx mice compared with LacZ controls. (F) Immunostaining-identified pSTAT3 is increased in renal tubule epithelium and infiltrating leukocytes compared with LacZ controls, with circles highlighting low-level detection in LacZ groups. n=5+ per group. *P<0.05 versus LacZ db/db uNx control; $P<0.05 versus db/m.