Table 5.

Low back pain results.

–	Preoperative	12 months	24 months
N	19	19	18
Low Back Pain (NPS, 0-10)
Mean±SD	7.9 ± 1.6	2.2 ± 2.4	2.1 ± 2.1
Range	6 – 10	0 – 7	0 – 7
95% CI	7.2 – 8.7	1.0 – 3.4	1.0 – 3.2
Postoperative Improvement in Low Back Pain (paired data)
–	Mean±SD	5.7 ± 1.7 (76% ± 25%)	5.7 ± 2.0 (75% ± 27%)
–	95% CI	4.9 - 6.5 (63% - 88%)	4.7 - 6.7 (61% - 88%)
–	p	<0.01	<0.01
–	Effect Size	-3.5	-2.9