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. 2018 Jan 30;19:81. doi: 10.1186/s13063-017-2427-0

Table 2.

Stopping boundaries

Boundary Value Comment
Efficacy stopping boundary (α11) 0 No stopping for efficacy
Efficacy stopping boundary (β11) 0.2 Stop the trial for futility if less than stage-wise p value
Efficacy stopping boundary (α12) 0.2250 Stop trial for efficacy at the second stage or recalculate based on conditional power at first interim analysis