Table 2.
Estimates of populations living in areas endemic for three major filariases in Africa, which may be targeted with tailored mass drug administration (MDA) schemes according to the level of co-endemicity of the filarial nematode species
| Estimates of populations living in areas potentially targetable with different MDA schemes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IVM + ALB | IVM | IVM + ALB (E)a | IVM (E)a | ALB(2/year) + ITNa | IVM + ALB + ITN (E + MM)a | DEC + ALB + IVMb | IVM (E + MM)a | |
| Eastern Africa | 8,413,869 | 20,963,598 | – | – | – | – | 45,192,922 | – |
| Burundi | – | 1,390,645 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Eritrea | – | – | – | – | – | – | 104,459 | – |
| Ethiopia | 2,340,296 | 14,392,313 | – | – | – | – | 1,161,307 | – |
| Kenya | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,045,022 | – |
| Madagascar | – | – | – | – | – | – | 13,557,237 | – |
| Malawi | – | 2,048,395 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Mozambique | 493,510 | 742,771 | – | – | – | – | 10,369,358 | – |
| Rwanda | – | 38,195 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Uganda | 1,426,558 | 2,174,834 | – | – | – | – | 992,624 | – |
| Tanzania | 4,153,505 | 176,445 | – | – | – | – | 10,262,625 | – |
| Zambia | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6,426,817 | – |
| Zimbabwe | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1,273,473 | – |
| Middle Africa | 17,259,697 | 18,580,670 | 7,040,636 | 2,498,132 | 1,381,558 | 6,636,062 | 4,154,028 | 1,741,016 |
| Angola | 225,104 | 5,670,871 | – | 111,473 | 323 | 2314 | 116,774 | 244,993 |
| Cameroon | 3,064,962 | 435,486 | 1,270,793 | 245,554 | 331,363 | 1,548,497 | 635,665 | 251,586 |
| CAR | 555,240 | 5358 | 681,391 | 3062 | 697,014 | 756,080 | 60,605 | 33,118 |
| Chad | 1,139,547 | 857,065 | 476,212 | 25,770 | – | 211,614 | 363,059 | – |
| Congo | 37,729 | 3026 | 101,911 | 5767 | 39,154 | 29,242 | 27,589 | 9924 |
| DRC | 12,237,115 | 11,608,864 | 4,483,037 | 2,104,428 | 222,533 | 3744,58 | 2,950,335 | 1,038,597 |
| Equatorial Guinea | – | – | 27,293 | – | 91,172 | 343,735 | – | – |
| Gabon | – | – | – | 2078 | – | – | – | 162,798 |
| Northern Africa | 3,045,672 | 3,046,221 | 509,869 | 18,858 | 19,263 | 208,310 | 4,688,564 | 8669 |
| South Sudan | 2,998,136 | 2,969,800 | 509,869 | 18,858 | 19,263 | 208,310 | 843,150 | 8669 |
| Sudan | 47,536 | 76,421 | – | – | – | – | 3,845,414 | – |
| Western Africa | 50,942,788 | 23,619,598 | 3,563,101 | 724,325 | – | 21,278 | 26,738,452 | 72,050 |
| Benin | 1,821,021 | 1,847,795 | – | – | – | – | 97,670 | – |
| Burkina Faso | 4,332,528 | 5,527,801 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Ghana | 307,396 | 2,030,355 | – | – | – | – | 84,886 | – |
| Guinea | 3,390,416 | 227,213 | – | – | – | – | 1,461,344 | – |
| Guinea-Bissau | 176,095 | – | – | – | – | – | 524,123 | – |
| Liberia | 42,021 | – | – | – | – | – | 1,964,905 | – |
| Mali | 5,959,767 | 6758 | – | – | – | – | 2,861,263 | – |
| Mauritania | – | – | – | – | – | – | 700,830 | – |
| Niger | 78,987 | 842,637 | – | – | – | – | 4,837,755 | – |
| Nigeria | 25,275,083 | 10,052,102 | 3,563,101 | 724,325 | – | 21,278 | 7,974,187 | 72,050 |
| Senegal | 412,921 | – | – | – | – | – | 2,883,203 | – |
| Sierra Leone | 2,688,260 | – | – | – | – | – | 683,589 | – |
| Togo | – | 2,670,471 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 6,458,292 | 414,466 | – | – | – | – | 2,664,695 | – |
| Grand total | 79,662,026 | 66,210,087 | 11,113,605 | 3,241,315 | 1,400,822 | 6,865,650 | 80,773,966 | 1,821,736 |
aTest & Treat (measure Loiasis microfilaraemia load before treatment and exclude those with > 30,000 mf/ml)
bTriple therapy with DEC is not yet recommended in countries where onchocerciasis is endemic. Re-evaluation of current endemicity is now considered in areas that were classified as hypoendemic by REMO mapping
Abbreviations: ALB albendazole, CAR Central African Republic, DEC diethylcarbamazine, DRC Democratic Republic of Congo, E enhanced post-treatment monitoring for rapid determination of potential loiasis-related SAEs, IVM ivermectin, ITN insecticide-treated nets, MDA mass drug administration, MM medical monitoring at the community during 3–4 days after MDA; SAE severe adverse even