Table 2.
Incidence density of diabetes-related complications by age at diabetes diganosis and sex among patients with type 1 diabetes between 1999 and 2013
| Retinopathy | Proliferative retinopathy | STDR | Neuropathy | Nephropathy | Renal failure | CVD | DKA | Outpatient hypoglycaemia | Hospitalised hypoglycaemia | |
| Male | ||||||||||
| No of cases† | ||||||||||
| All male | 1618 | 1886 | 1892 | 1778 | 1695 | 1901 | 1859 | 1073 | 1872 | 1902 |
| Early onset (0–12 years) | 654 | 719 | 719 | 714 | 700 | 719 | 712 | 396 | 718 | 719 |
| Late onset (≥13 years) | 964 | 1167 | 1173 | 1064 | 995 | 1182 | 1147 | 677 | 1154 | 1183 |
| No of cases with event‡ | ||||||||||
| All male | 693 | 64 | 34 | 261 | 332 | 15 | 60 | 447 | 452 | 28 |
| Early onset | 305 | 14 | 1 | 37 | 86 | 1 | 7 | 239 | 202 | 11 |
| Late onset | 388 | 50 | 33 | 224 | 246 | 14 | 53 | 208 | 250 | 17 |
| Follow-up time (person-years)§ | ||||||||||
| All male | 7813 | 12 908 | 13 102 | 11 345 | 10 403 | 13 248 | 12 798 | 4322 | 11 025 | 13 115 |
| Early onset | 3333 | 5290 | 5368 | 5180 | 4817 | 5358 | 5280 | 1317 | 4277 | 5297 |
| Late onset | 4480 | 7618 | 7734 | 6165 | 5586 | 7891 | 7518 | 3005 | 6749 | 7818 |
| Incidence density (1000 person-years) (95% CI) |
||||||||||
| All male | 88.70 (82.2 to 95.6) |
4.96 (3.8 to 6.3) |
2.60 (1.8 to 3.6) |
23.01 (20.3 to 26.0) |
31.91 (28.6 to 35.5) |
1.13 (0.6 to 1.9) |
4.69 (3.6 to 6.0) |
103.43 (94.1 to 113.5) |
41.00 (37.3 to 45.0) |
2.13 (1.4 to 3.1) |
| Early onset | 91.52 (81.5 to 102.4) |
2.65 (1.4 to 4.4) |
0.19 (0.0 to 1.0) |
7.14 (5.0 to 9.8) |
17.85 (14.3 to 22.0) |
0.19 (0.0 to 1.0) |
1.33 (0.5 to 2.7) |
181.53 (159.2 to 206.1) |
47.23 (40.9 to 54.2) |
2.08 (1.0 to 3.7) |
| Late onset | 86.60 (78.2 to 95.7) |
6.56 (4.9 to 8.7) |
4.27 (2.9 to 6.0) |
36.34 (31.7 to 41.4) |
44.04 (38.7 to 49.9) |
1.77 (1.0 to 3.0) |
7.05 (5.3 to 9.2) |
69.22 (60.1 to 79.3) |
37.05 (32.6 to 41.9) |
2.17 (1.3 to 3.5) |
| 95% CI of incidence density difference for male, early vs late onset | −8.5 to 18.3 | −6.4 to −1.4* | −5.9 to −2.3* | −34.8 to −23.6* | −33.1 to −19.3* | −2.8 to −0.4* | −8.1 to −3.3* | 91.5 to 133.1* | 2.4 to 17.9* | −1.7 to 1.5 |
| Female | ||||||||||
| No of cases† | ||||||||||
| All female | 1741 | 2084 | 2091 | 1964 | 1939 | 2102 | 2057 | 1132 | 2062 | 2085 |
| Early onset | 721 | 777 | 777 | 772 | 764 | 777 | 773 | 413 | 774 | 774 |
| Late onset | 1020 | 1307 | 1314 | 1192 | 1175 | 1325 | 1284 | 719 | 1288 | 1311 |
| No of cases with event‡ | ||||||||||
| All female | 839 | 93 | 56 | 297 | 356 | 21 | 57 | 549 | 461 | 77 |
| Early onset | 358 | 18 | 6 | 50 | 109 | 1 | 11 | 277 | 229 | 21 |
| Late onset | 481 | 75 | 50 | 247 | 247 | 20 | 46 | 272 | 232 | 56 |
| Follow-up time (person-years)§ | ||||||||||
| All female | 7862 | 13 825 | 14 037 | 11 976 | 11 533 | 14 243 | 13 866 | 3902 | 11 840 | 13 853 |
| Early onset | 3616 | 5848 | 5910 | 5610 | 5283 | 5927 | 5871 | 1183 | 4642 | 5777 |
| Late onset | 4246 | 7977 | 8127 | 6365 | 6250 | 8317 | 7995 | 2719 | 7199 | 8076 |
| Incidence density (1000 person-years) (95% CI) | ||||||||||
| All female | 106.72 (99.6 to 114.2) |
6.73 (5.4 to 8.2) |
3.99 (3.0 to 5.2) |
24.80 (22.1 to 27.8) |
30.87 (27.7 to 34.2) |
1.47 (0.9 to 2.3) |
4.11 (3.1 to 5.3) |
140.69 (129.2 to 153.0) |
38.94 (35.5 to 42.7) |
5.56 (4.4 to 6.9) |
| Early onset | 99.01 (89.0 to 109.8) |
3.08 (1.8 to 4.9) |
1.02 (0.4 to 2.2) |
8.91 (6.6 to 11.8) |
20.63 (16.9 to 24.9) |
0.17 (0.0 to 0.9) |
1.87 (0.9 to 3.4) |
234.05 (207.3 to 263.3) |
49.34 (43.1 to 56.2) |
3.63 (2.3 to 5.6) |
| Late onset | 113.29 (103.4to 123.9) |
9.40 (7.4 to 11.8) |
6.15 (4.6 to 8.1) |
38.80 (34.1 to 44.0) |
39.52 (34.7 to 44.8) |
2.40 (1.5 to 3.7) |
5.75 (4.2 to 7.7) |
100.05 (88.5 to 112.7) |
32.23 (28.2 to 36.7) |
6.93 (5.2 to 9.0) |
| 95% CI of incidence density difference for female, early onset vs late onset | −28.8 to 0.2 | −9.1 to −3.6* | −7.3 to −3.0* | −35.5 to −24.2* | −25.3 to −12.5* | −3.5 to −1.0* | −6.0 to −1.7* | 108.4 to 159.6* | 9.8 to 24.4* | −5.8 to -0.8* |
| 95% CI of incidence density difference for male vs female | −27.8 to −8.2* | −3.6 to 0.1 | −2.8 to −0.02* | −5.8 to 2.2 | −3.6 to 5.7 | −1.2 to 0.5 | −1.0 to 2.2 | −52.3 to −22.2* | −3.1 to 7.2 | −4.9 to −1.9* |
Patients with type 1 diabetes were retrieved from incident cases from 2000 to 2012. Follow-up time started from the first diagnosis date to the time the event occurred, death, discontinued enrolment from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Programme, or the end of 2013, whichever came first.
*p<0.05.
†No of cases refers to the number of patients who had no complication of interest in the baseline year (1 year before diagnosis date).
‡No of cases with event refers to the number of patients who had incident events after type 1 diabetes was confirmed.
§Cumulative follow-up time (person-years) was calculated as the sum of follow-up years during observation period.
CVD, cardiovascular disease, DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; STDR, sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.