Table 2. HRs and 95% CI of mortality among individuals diagnosed with hematologic cancer according to physical activity before and after diagnosis.
| Pre-diagnosis physical activity | Post-diagnosis physical activity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 hr/wk | 1 to 3 hrs/wk | ≥4 hrs/wk | p-trend | <1 hr/wk | 1 to <4 hrs/wk | ≥4 hrs/wk | p-trend | |
| All hematologic cancer survivors | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Person-years | 5121 | 5749 | 11637 | 2460 | 3595 | 4001 | ||
| Deaths | 701 | 623 | 1261 | 206 | 216 | 191 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.59–0.87) | 0.56 (0.46–0.68) | <0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.82 (0.74–0.90) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.63–0.93) | 0.61 (0.50–0.74) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.78–0.97) | 0.85 (0.77–0.93) | 0.005 | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.61 (0.50–0.75) | <0.001 |
| Hematologic cancer mortality | ||||||||
| Deaths | 485 | 407 | 891 | 95 | 122 | 110 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.68–0.88) | 0.82 (0.73–0.91) | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.87 (0.67–1.14) | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) | 0.84 (0.75–0.94) | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) | 0.79 (0.59–1.05) | 0.08 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.72–0.94) | 0.87 (0.77–0.97) | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) | 0.79 (0.59–1.06) | 0.09 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Deaths | 295 | 281 | 523 | 85 | 110 | 90 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | 0.77 (0.67–0.89) | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.66–1.17) | 0.62 (0.46–0.84) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.75–1.05) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.63 (0.47–0.86) | 0.002 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.77–1.07) | 0.85 (0.73–0.99) | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.69–1.24) | 0.64 (0.47–0.87) | 0.003 |
| Myeloma survivors | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Deaths | 137 | 119 | 274 | 46 | 41 | 34 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.62–1.01) | 0.86 (0.70–1.05) | 0.42 | 1.00 | 0.59 (0.39–0.91) | 0.47 (0.30–0.75) | 0.002 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.75 (0.58–0.96) | 0.78 (0.63–0.96) | 0.10 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.40–1.05) | 0.52 (0.31–0.85) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.59–0.98) | 0.81 (0.66–1.01) | 0.24 | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.41–1.06) | 0.53 (0.32–0.88) | 0.02 |
| Leukemia survivors | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Deaths | 254 | 211 | 439 | 68 | 61 | 62 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.69–0.99) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | 0.003 | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 0.55 (0.39–0.78) | 0.002 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.73–1.06) | 0.81 (0.69–0.95) | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) | 0.58 (0.40–0.84) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.75–1.09) | 0.84 (0.72–0.99) | 0.048 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.45–0.94) | 0.56 (0.38–0.83) | 0.01 |
| Acute leukemia survivors* | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Deaths | 134 | 97 | 235 | |||||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.62–1.05) | 0.83 (0.67–1.03) | 0.20 | - | - | - | - |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.76 (0.58–1.01) | 0.90 (0.72–1.13) | 0.83 | - | - | - | - |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.79 (0.60–1.05) | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) | 0.94 | - | - | - | - |
| Chronic leukemia survivors | ||||||||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Deaths | 105 | 100 | 170 | 57 | 49 | 49 | ||
| Model 1 | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | 0.65 (0.51–0.83) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.45–0.97) | 0.54 (0.36–0.79) | 0.003 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.69–1.22) | 0.65 (0.50–0.83) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.70 (0.47–1.05) | 0.57 (0.38–0.86) | 0.01 |
| Model 3 | 1.00 | 0.93 (0.70–1.24) | 0.67 (0.51–0.87) | 0.001 | 1.00 | 0.68 (0.45–1.03) | 0.54 (0.35–0.83) | 0.01 |
HR = hazard ratio, CI = confidence interval. Model 1: adjusted for age at exposure assessment (continuous), age at cancer diagnosis (continuous), and sex. Model 2: adjusted for all variables in Model 1 and additionally adjusted for education (less than 12 yrs, 12 yrs, vocational training or some college education, college graduate/postgraduate, unknown), race (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, other, unknown), smoking (never smoker, former smoker with 20 cigarettes per day or less, former smoker with more than 20 cigarettes per day, current smoker with 20 cigarettes per day or less, current smoker with more than 20 cigarettes per day, missing), alcohol consumption (0, >0 to 14.9, ≥15g/d), chemotherapy (yes, no, unknown/missing), hematologic cancer subtype (NHL, HL, myeloma, leukemia) and stage in NHL survivors (localized/regional/in situ, systemic disease, unknown/not abstracted/missing), and TV viewing. Model 3: adjusted for all variables in Model 2 and additionally adjusted for body mass index (18.5-<25.0kg/m2, 25.0-<30.0 kg/m2, 30.0-<35.kg/m2, 35-<65 kg/m2).
* Data were not evaluated for post-diagnosis physical activity due to low sample size (n = 23).