Table I. Parameter values.

Parameter	Definition	Value	Comments
hW	Cell wall thickness	100 nm
EW	Cell wall Young's modulus	110 MPa	Baseline
νW	Cell wall Poisson's ratio	0.49	Baseline
hM	Membrane thickness	6 nm
μM	Membrane shear modulus	10 MPa
KM	Membrane bulk modulus	2 μM
σ	Membrane tension	1 × 10−4 N·m
κB	Membrane bending modulus	20 kB T
H0	CGP curvature	0.02 nm−1	Baseline
κCGP	CGP bending modulus	285 kBT	Baseline
RA	Actin network radius	100 nm	Baseline
μA	Actin shear modulus	0.02 MPa	Baseline
KA	Actin bulk modulus	10 μA
α	Nonlinear Fung model parameter	0.01	Baseline
Zp	Growth region thickness	25 nm	Baseline
P0	Turgor pressure	0.5 MPa	Baseline