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Expression levels of cytokines and their receptors in the urethra after single (VD-1) and multiple simulated birth traumas (VD-3). All target mRNA expression levels were normalized to that of a housekeeping gene (GAPDH) RNA. TNRF1, TNF receptor-1; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1. *P < 0.05, compared with the sham group (one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's multiple comparison test). NS, not significant (unpaired t-test).
