Fig. 11.

Assessing the long-term absence of estrogen on action potential duration (APD). A: representative recordings of action potentials from ventricular myocytes. B: mean data show that APD at 90% repolarization (APD₉₀) remained unchanged between sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized (OVx), and OVx + 17β-estradiol (OVx + E). C: mean data indicate that APD at 10% repolarization (APD₁₀) was longer in OVx compared with Sham and OVx + E, but no differences in APD₁₀ were observed between Sham and OVx + E (***P < 0.001). Sham: n = 7, OVx: n = 7, and OVx + E: n = 6.