Table 2.
Changes in cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling in ovariectomized animal models
| OVx Animal | Guinea Pig (This Study) | Rat | Mouse |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peak L-type Ca2+ current | ↑ | A↑ (25) | ↑ (18) and ↔ (17) |
| L-type Ca2+ channel | mRNA↔ | WB↑ (11) | WB↓ (18) |
| mRNA↔ (11) | |||
| PKA | E↑ (26) | ||
| A↑ (25) | |||
| CaMKIIδ and phosphorylated CaMKII | WB↑ (30) | ||
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content | ↑ | ↑ (17, 18) | |
| Ca2+ transient amplitude | ↑ | ↑ (12, 25, 26) and ↓ (9) | ↑ (17, 18) and ↓ (61) |
| Ca2+ transient time to peak | ↔ | ↓ (18) | |
| Ca2+ transient rate constant | ↑ | ↑ (12, 26) | ↑ (17, 18) and ↓ (61) |
| Fractional sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release | ↑ | ↔ (17, 18) | |
| SERCA | R↔ | A↔ (26) and ↓ (8) | WB↔ (18) and ↓ (61) |
| WB↔ (11, 26) and ↓ (7, 8) | |||
| mRNA↔ (11) and ↓ (8) | |||
| PLB↔ (7, 8, 11) | |||
| Na+/Ca2+ exchanger | R↑ | A↑ (26) | WB↔ (18) |
| RC↑ (26) | |||
| WB↔ (26) and ↓ (11) | |||
| mRNA↔ (11) | |||
| Ryanodine receptor 2 | A↑ (26) | ||
| WB↔ (11) | |||
| Spark frequency | ↑ | ↑ (17, 18) | |
| Spark amplitude | ↑ | ↑ (17) | |
| Spark mass | ↑ | ↑ (18) and ↔ (17) | |
| Wave frequency | ↑ | ||
| Isoprenaline-induced early afterdepolarizations and delayed afterdepolarizations | ↑ |
↑, increase compared with the sham group; ↔, no difference compared with the sham group; ↓, decrease compared with the sham group; A, activity; WB, Western blot; E, expression of fluorescence intensity; PLB, phospholamban; R, rate constant; RC, relaxation contribution.