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. 2018 Jan 15;12(1):13–19. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2018.12.1.13

Fig. 1. Effects of black chokeberry extract on cell viability and production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

Fig. 1

(A) The effects of BCE on cell viability were determined using the LIVE/DEAD Cell Viability Assay Kit. Morphological changes in BV2 cells were observed using microscopy (upper panel). The surviving cells were identified by their green fluorescence (bottom panel). (B) The effects of BCE on cell viability were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (n = 4). Cell viability is expressed as 100% in the untreated group. (C) Cells were co-treated with BCE and 500 ng/mL LPS for 48 hours. NO production was measured using the Griess reagent assay (n = 6). NO was quantified based on the sodium nitrate standard curve. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *Significant difference when compared to LPS-only treatment (P < 0.05). BCE, black chokeberry extract; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.