Table 1.
Proportions of sociodemographic characteristics with ethnicity: All ethnicities (N=823)
| Bantu (N=661) |
Nilote (N=143) |
Cushite (N=19) |
Total (N=823) |
P values-All* | P values - Bantus and Nilotes only* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| Mean age at diagnosis | 49.2 | 50.8 | 42.7 | 49.3 | |||
| Median age at diagnosis (IQR) | 48 (40–57) | 52 (39–59) | 36 (32–56) | 48 (40–57) | 0.03** | 0.24** | |
| Age at diagnosis | 20–29 | 23 (3.5) | 5 (3.5) | 2 (10.5) | 30 (3.7) | 0.005 | 0.02 |
| 30–39 | 129 (19.6) | 34 (23.8) | 8 (42.1) | 171 (20.9) | |||
| 40–49 | 209 (31.8) | 27 (18.9) | 3 (15.8) | 239 (29.2) | |||
| 50+ | 296 (45.1) | 77 (53.9) | 6 (31.6) | 379 (46.3) | |||
| Missing | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |||
| Highest level of education | None | 188 (28.4) | 53 (37.1) | 14 (73.7) | 255 (31.0) | 0.0002 | 0.03 |
| Primary | 132 (20) | 24 (16.8) | 2 (10.5) | 158 (19.2) | |||
| Secondary | 181 (27.4) | 25 (17.5) | 0 (0) | 206 (25.0) | |||
| Tertiary | 160 (24.2) | 41 (28.7) | 3 (15.8) | 204 (24.8) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Place of residence | Rural | 414 (62.6) | 92 (64.3) | 1 (5.3) | 507 (61.6) | <0.0001 | 0.70 |
| Urban | 247 (37.4) | 51 (35.7) | 18 (94.7) | 316 (38.4) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Occupation | Farmer | 224 (34) | 29 (20.3) | 0 (0) | 253 (30.8) | <0.0001 | 0.001 |
| Employed worker | 144 (21.9) | 45 (31.5) | 2 (10.5) | 191 (23.3) | |||
| Trader | 126 (19.1) | 20 (14) | 5 (26.3) | 151 (18.4) | |||
| Housewife | 103 (15.6) | 38 (26.6) | 11 (57.9) | 152 (18.5) | |||
| Casual worker | 25 (3.8) | 5 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 30 (3.7) | |||
| Other (specify) | 37 (5.6) | 6 (4.2) | 1 (5.3) | 44 (5.4) | |||
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||
| BMI classification | Normal (<25) | 152 (29.9) | 49 (36.8) | 5 (29.4) | 206 (31.3) | 0.11 | 0.04 |
| Overweight (25.00 - 29.99) | 213 (41.9) | 40 (30.1) | 5 (29.4) | 258 (39.2) | |||
| Obese (>=30) | 143 (28.2) | 44 (33.1) | 7 (41.2) | 194 (29.5) | |||
| Missing | 153 | 10 | 2 | 165 | |||
| Alcohol Use | No | 605 (91.5) | 131 (91.6) | 17 (89.5) | 753 (91.5) | 0.95 | 0.98 |
| Yes | 56 (8.5) | 12 (8.4) | 2 (10.5) | 70 (8.5) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Exposure to smokinga | Never exposed | 371 (56.1) | 88 (61.5) | 13 (68.4) | 472 (57.4) | 0.30 | 0.24 |
| Exposed | 290 (43.9) | 55 (38.5) | 6 (31.6) | 351 (42.7) | |||
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*
p-values from chi-square test except where noted missing data were excluded from percentage calculations and statistical comparisons.
**
p-values from Kruskal-Wallis test.
a
Only 3.28% (n=27) of study participants reported ever having smoked or used smokeless tobacco. Exposure to smoking is summarized here as exposed/never exposed, where exposed is defined as personal use of tobacco as well as exposure to smoke at the workplace or home during child or adulthood.