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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurovirol. 2017 Oct 23;24(1):16–27. doi: 10.1007/s13365-017-0587-z

Table 5A.

24 week change in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid cellular stress and inflammatory biomarkers, As Treated*

Treatment Assignment Placebo Median (IQR) Paroxetine only, Median (IQR) p value Fluconazole only, Median (IQR) p value Paroxetine and Fluconazole, Median (IQR) p value
N=4 N=6 N=2 N=7
Cell Stress
Plasma ceramide C16:0 ** −2.77 (−4.53, −1.87) −0.16 (−1.07, 1.62) 0.178 1.33 (−0.10, 2.75) 0.016 −1.95 (−2.62, 1.19) 0.021
Plasma ceramide −101.34 (−150.34, −19.61 (−36.26, 0.020 2.78 (−63.71, 0.004 −25.91 (−104.50, 0.026
C22:0 −13.68) 14.84)** 69.27) 56.79)
Plasma ceramide C24:0 −260.25 (−699.21, 134.64) −428.25 (−479.72, 152.74) 0.075 465.18 (−248.69, 1179.06) 0.019 −278.65 (−522.54, 1167.59) 0.112
CSF mono−hexosylceramide C24:1 83.05 (−49.45, 222.47) 177.90 (−57.58, 225.21) 0.476 553.86 (364.05, 743.67) 0.010 −19.27 (−122.94, 182.60) 0.650
Inflammation
N=3 N=5 N=2 N=7
Plasma IL1-α −18.93, (33.90) 194.37) −65.82 (−90.36, −2.18) 0.417 −451.48 (−537.54, −365.42) 0.004 −2.53 (−146.45, 140.84) 0.638
N=3 N=4 N=2 N=7
Plasma CXCL10 518.64 (−24.90), 846.62 −23.58 (60.86, 16.58) 0.005 66.08 (54.57, 77.59) 0.016 2.31 (−163.05, 283.39) 0.009
N=3 N=5 N=2 N=6
CSF IL-6 −0.03 (−1.25, 2.36) 0.72 (0.63, 1.13) 0.734 −5.99 (−8.00, −3.98) 0.009 −0.59 (−1.01, −0.19) 0.434
N=3 N=6 N=2 N=3
CSF IL8/CXCL8 −29.79 (−43.16–3.21) 4.23 (−3.76, 8.25) 0.001 −5.48 (−7.51, 3.45) 0.009 2.75 (−5.43, 5.30) 0.011

IL= interleukin

CXCL= C-X-C motif chemokine

*

Models adjust for baseline biomarker level and gender.

**

Negative values indicated less cell stress or inflammation