Table 1.
Clinical features at baseline and clinical information during follow-up in DCM patients.
| DCM (n = 120) | |
|---|---|
| (a) | |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 39.1 ± 13.9 |
| Male | 99 (82.5%) |
| Familial | 50 (41.7%) |
| Familial history of sudden death | 23 (19.2%) |
| NYHA functional class ≥3 | 65/116 (56.0%) |
| B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) | 325 (109–1037) |
| Cardiac catheterization | 117 (97.5%) |
| Endomyocardial biopsy (n = 96) | |
| Inflammation | 17/96 (17.7%) |
| Fibrosis | 86/96 (89.6%) |
| Echocardiography (n = 113) | |
| LVEF (%) | 29.9 ± 12.4 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 66.2 ± 11.4 |
| LVESD (mm) | 57.9 ± 13.8 |
| Interventricular septum (mm) | 7.8 ± 2.2 |
| Posterior wall (mm) | 7.9 ± 2.4 |
| LV mass (g) | 223.3 ± 89.5 |
| LAD (mm) | 44.4 ± 9.6 |
| Restrictive mitral pattern (%) | 30/74 (40.5%) |
| E/e’ | 14.4 ± 10.1 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate | 37/108 (34.3%) |
| Left ventricular reverse remodeling | 20/45 (44.4%) |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (n = 42) | |
| Rest exercise heart rate (beats/min) | 79 ± 15 |
| Peak exercise heart rate (beats/min) | 126 ± 29 |
| Rest exercise systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 94 ± 18 |
| Peak exercise systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130 ± 31 |
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 15.4 ± 6.6 |
| Follow-up data | |
| Amiodarone | 57 (47.5%) |
| Pacemaker implantation | 2 (1.7%) |
| ICD implantation | 14 (11.7%) |
| CRT-D implantation | 36 (30.0%) |
| ICD or CRT-D implantation | 50 (41.7%) |
| Any device | 54 (45.0%) |
| AF | 36 (30.0%) |
| Non-sustained VT | 59 (49.2%) |
| Sustained VT | 30 (25.0%) |
| VF, CPR | 17 (14.2%) |
| Heart transplantation | 22 (18.3%) |
| Mortality | 11 (9.2%) |
| Heart transplantation or Mortality | 33 (27.5%) |
| Mean follow-up duration (years) | 8.7 ± 8.3 |
| (b) | |
| HCM (n = 52) | |
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 31.4 ± 17.1 |
| Male | 32 (61.5%) |
| Familial | 37 (71.2%) |
| Familial history of sudden death | 18 (34.6%) |
| NYHA functional class ≥3 | 20 (38.5%) |
| B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/ml) | 339 (110–832) |
| Cardiac catheterization | 45 (86.5%) |
| Endomyocardial biopsy (n = 38) | |
| Inflammation | 3/38 (7.9%) |
| Fibrosis | 37/38 (97.4%) |
| Echocardiography (n = 48) | |
| LVEF (%) | 50.9 ± 20.6 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 52.2 ± 13.5 |
| LVESD (mm) | 38.9 ± 17.8 |
| Interventricular septum (mm) | 13.0 ± 4.4 |
| Posterior wall (mm) | 9.4 ± 2.8 |
| LV mass (g) | 227.9 ± 103.6 |
| LAD (mm) | 44.1 ± 10.6 |
| Restrictive mitral pattern (%) | 12/41 (29.3%) |
| E/e’ | 13.7 ± 7.9 |
| Mitral regurgitation ≥ moderate | 7/47 (14.9%) |
| Maximum wall thickness | 13.7 ± 4.5 |
| Peak LVOT gradient ≥30 mmHg | 5/48 (10.4%) |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (n = 18) | |
| Rest exercise heart rate (beats/min) | 71 ± 9 |
| Peak exercise heart rate (beats/min) | 104 ± 29 |
| Rest exercise systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 94 ± 18 |
| Peak exercise systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 123 ± 31 |
| Peak VO2 (mL/kg/min) | 11.8 ± 2.9 |
| Follow-up data | |
| Amiodarone | 28 (53.8%) |
| Pacemaker implantation | 0 |
| ICD implantation | 10 (19.2%) |
| CRT-D implantation | 17 (32.7%) |
| ICD or CRT-D implantation | 27 (51.9%) |
| Any device | 28 (53.8%) |
| AF | 22 (42.3%) |
| Non-sustained VT | 20 (38.5%) |
| Sustained VT | 9 (17.3%) |
| VF, CPR | 9 (17.3%) |
| End-stage HCM (LVEF <50%) | 31 (59.6%) |
| Heart transplantation | 6 (11.5%) |
| Mortality | 1 (1.9%) |
| Heart transplantation or Mortality | 7 (13.5%) |
| Mean follow-up duration (years) | 17.1 ± 12.1 |
Values are n (%), the mean ± SD, or median (interquartile). HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; EDD, end-diastolic diameter; ESD, end-systolic diameter; LAD, left atrial dimension; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; VF, ventricular fibrillation; CRTD, cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator; AF, atrial fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.