Table IV.

Arthralgia intensity in the acute and chronic phases of Chikungunya infection, according to the sex and smoking habits of patients.

	VAS score of arthralgia during acute phase			VAS score of arthralgia during chronic phase			RAPID3 score of chronic disease severity
Sex	Smoker	Non-smoker	P-value	Smoker	Non-smoker	P-value	Smoker	Non-smoker	P-value
Male n=40	9.2±0.9	7.2±2.0	<0.001a	5.6±3.4	2.1±2.8	0.003a	2.1±0.9	1.2±1.3	0.040a
Female n=100	9.0±1.3	8.6±1.3	0.080	5.4±2.7	4.6±3.2	0.140	2.4±0.9	2.1±1.2	0.110
P-value	0.350	<0.001a		0.440	<0.001a		0.200	<0.001a

Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Arthralgia was quantified using VAS scores, from ‘no pain’ (score of 0) to ‘worst pain imaginable’ (score of 10). Severity of chronic disease was quantified using the RAPID3 index by transforming the severity level into a numerical value (ordinal scale), where remission=0, mild disease=1, moderate disease=2 and severe disease=3. P-values were calculated by performing the Mann-Whitney U test.

^aP<0.05. VAS, visual analog scale; RAPID3, Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3.