Recovery A431 and HaCaT cells after exposure to Ag NPs. Cells, grown for 24 h in complete growth medium, were treated with different concentrations of Ag NPs or with ethanol (80%), used as a positive control. After 24 h of exposure cell medium was replaced with full growth medium and cells were cultured for six additional days. On the seventh day viability was assessed using calcein assay. (a,c,e,g) A431; (b,d,f,h) HaCaT. Data are means of three independent determinations ± s.d. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus untreated, control cells. Ag Pristine (a,b), Ag PVP (c,d), Ag CIT (e,f) and Ag HEC (g,h).