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. 2017 Dec 25;16(1):2. doi: 10.3390/md16010002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of glycolipids from I. galbana on IL-6 and IL-8 production in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. (a) IL-6 levels and (b) IL-8 levels in TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. Cells were pre-incubated with the glycolipid MGMG-A (10, 30, 50 µM) and the fraction MGDG (10, 30, 50 µg/mL) for 1 h, and then stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h. Dexamethasone (Dex) was used as a positive reference compound at 1 µM. After 24 h, the production of cytokines in the supernatants was measured by ELISA assay. Results are representative of six independent experiments (n = 6). Values are means with standard errors represented by vertical bars. Mean value was significantly different compared with the control group (*** p < 0.001; Student t test). Mean value was significantly different compared with the TNF-α group (+ p < 0.05, ++ p < 0.01, +++ p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison test).