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. 2017 Dec 25;16(1):2. doi: 10.3390/md16010002

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Topical pre-treatment with cream containing the glycolipid fraction MGDG from I. galbana attenuates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin. (a) Representative photographs of epidermal COX-2 distribution by immunohistochemical detection; Bar = 200 µm. Original magnification 200×. (b) Positive COX-2 epidermal layer was assessed by counting the COX-2 positive cells versus total cells in different immunostained dorsal skin sections per animal. Representative photomicrographs showing positive epidermal COX-2 staining yielded a brown product. Values are means with standard errors represented by vertical bars. Data are means ± SEM (n = 4). Mean value was significantly different compared with the sham group (*** p < 0.001; Student’s t test). Mean value was significantly different to the cream-TPA group (+++ p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison test).

Topical pre-treatment with cream containing the glycolipid fraction MGDG from I. galbana attenuates 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin. (a) Representative photographs of epidermal COX-2 distribution by immunohistochemical detection; Bar = 200 µm. Original magnification 200×. (b) Positive COX-2 epidermal layer was assessed by counting the COX-2 positive cells versus total cells in different immunostained dorsal skin sections per animal. Representative photomicrographs showing positive epidermal COX-2 staining yielded a brown product. Values are means with standard errors represented by vertical bars. Data are means ± SEM (n = 4). Mean value was significantly different compared with the sham group (*** p < 0.001; Student’s t test). Mean value was significantly different to the cream-TPA group (+++ p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison test).