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. 2017 Dec 24;10(1):9. doi: 10.3390/toxins10010009

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of BV on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were treated with BV (2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL for 3 days). The total cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting to determine the expression of (A) MAPKs (B) AMPK and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC). β-actin was used as an internal control. ^### p < 0.001 vs. non-differentiation cells. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. differentiation cells.