Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies evaluating dairy products and endometrial cancer risk.
| Reference | Geographic Region | Case/Control (Cohort) | Age (Case) | Exclusion of Hysterectomy | Time Frame for Dietary Assessment § | Dairy Source | OR (95% CI) | Covariates ‖ | NOS Stars |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort | |||||||||
| Merritt, 2015 [29] | Europe | 1303/301,107 | 25–70 | yes | dietary questionnaire EPIC (1992–2000) | Butter: >10.3 vs. 0 g/day Yogurt: >145.3 vs. 0 g/day Cheese: >74.7 vs. 0 g/day Milk: >292.7 vs. 0 g/day |
1.23 (1.03, 1.47) 1.15 (0.98, 1.36) 0.83 (0.69, 1.01) 0.97 (0.81, 1.15) |
B.E.S.H.R | 8 |
| Merritt, 2015 [29] | US | 1531/205,863 | 30–55/25–42 | yes | every 4 years NHS I 1976 (1980–2010) NHSII1989 (1991–2011) |
Butter: 5.0 vs. 0 g/day Cheese: 28.0 vs. 2 g/day Yogurt: 105.4 vs. 0 g/day |
1.10 (0.97, 1.24) 0.98 (0.82, 1.16) 1.06 (0.93, 1.22) |
B.E.S.H.R | 7 |
| Population-based Case-control | |||||||||
| Potischman, 1992 [16] | US | 399/296 | 20–74 | yes | few years | Dairy: 17.6 vs. 6.0 times/week | 1.2 (0.70, 2.00) | A.B.E.H.S.R | 7 |
| McCann, 2000 [20] | US | 232/639 | 40–85 | yes | 2 years | Dairy: >56 vs. ≤32 times/month | 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) | A.B.H.S.R | 6 |
| Jain, 2000 [19] | Canada | 552/562 | 30–79 | yes | - | Milk: 413 vs. 84 g/day Cheese: 29.1 vs. 5.3 g/day |
0.86 (0.59, 1.24) 0.94 (0.65, 1.37) |
A.B.E.H.S.R | 7 |
| Littman, 2001 [21] | US | 679/944 | 45–74 | yes | 5 years | Dairy: >2.4 vs. <1.2 servings/day | 1.0 (0.78, 1.40) | A.B.E.H.S | 8 |
| Terry, 2002 [23] | Sweden | 709/2887 | 50–74 | yes | 1 year | Dairy: median intake 35 vs. 5 serving/week | 0.90 (0.70, 1.20) | A.B.S | 6 |
| Xu, 2006 [25] | China | 1204/1212 | 30–69 | yes | 5 years | Milk: ever vs. never | 1.0 (0.80, 1.20) | A.B.E | 7 |
| Chandran et al., 2010 [27] | US | 417/395 | >21 | yes | 6 months | Dairy: ≥0.99 vs. <0.26 cups/day/1000 kcal) | 0.81 (0.52, 1.27) | A.B.E.S.H.R | 7 |
| Hospital-based Case-control | |||||||||
| Mettlin, 1990 [14] | US | 231/1300 | 19–97 | - | habits before | Whole Milk: daily vs. none 2% Milk: daily vs. none Skim milk: daily vs. none |
1.50 (1.0, 2.40) 1.0 (0.7, 1.40) 0.90 (0.50, 1.50) |
A.S | 5 |
| Barbone, 1993 [15] | US | 103/236 | mean 64 | yes | 1 year | Skim milk: ≥1 vs. <1/month sour cream: ≥1 vs. <1/month yogurt: ≥1 vs. <1/month cheese: ≥1 vs. <1/month |
0.60 (0.30, 1.0) 0.40 (0.2, 0.70) 0.30 (0.20, 0.60) 0.40 (0.20, 0.90) |
A.E.H.S.R | 5 |
| Tzonou, 1996 [17] | Greece | 145/298 | - | not mention | 1 year | Dairy: per quartile | 0.94 (0.74, 1.19) | A.B.E.H.S.R | 6 |
| Hirose, 1996 [18] | Japan | 145/26,751 | >20 | not mention | - | Milk: daily vs. occasional/none | 1.04 (0.68, 1.60) | B.S.R | 5 |
| Petridou, 2002 [22] | Greece | 84/84 | - | yes | 12 months | Dairy: per quartile | 1.21 (0.86, 1.69) | (A).B.E.R | 7 |
| Salazar-Martinez, 2005 [24] | Mexico | 85/629 | 22–79 | yes | 1 year | Dairy: tertile3 vs. tertile1 | 0.5 (0.23, 1.13) | A.B.E.R | 6 |
| Bravi, 2009 [26] | Italy | 454/908 | 18–79 | yes | 2 years | Milk and yogurt: >10.50 vs. <1 servings/week cheese: >6.32 vs. <2.4 servings/week |
1.24 (0.8, 1.93) 1.24 (0.80, 1.93) |
B.E.H.R | 6 |
| Filomeno, 2015 [30] | Italy | 1411/3668 | median 61 | - | 2 years | Dairy: >median vs. <median | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) | A.B.E.S.H.R | 5 |
| Rotman, 2016 [31] | Poland | 68/480 | 40–84 | - | - | Dairy: 250 vs. 0 g/day | 0.25 (0.07, 0.97) | - | 4 |
§ Time before onset of cancer or before interview; ‖ Covariates: A = age, B = body mass index (BMI) or weight, E = total energy, H = HRT (hormone replacement therapy) or estrogen use, R = reproductive factors, S = Smoking. (A): matched on age; NOS: Newcastle—Ottawa Scale; OR: odds ratio.