Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population (n = 2599) #.
| Variables | Countries Participating in the GA2LEN Nutrition Survey | |||||||||
| Denmark | Finland | Sweden | UK | Portugal | ||||||
| Odense (268) | Helsinki (122) | Total (1085) | Total (139) | Coimbra (233) | ||||||
| Age, years; mean (SD) | 47.9 | (14.2) | 45.8 | (14.5) | 45.5 | (15) | 51.3 | (13.2) | 47.2 | (14.5) |
| Males, n (%) | 115 | (42.9) | 47 | (38.5) | 471 | (43.4) | 54 | (38.8) | 80 | (34.3) |
| Height, m (SD) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.6 | (0.1) |
| BMI (m2/kg) | 26.9 | (4.7) | 26.5 | (4.3) | 26 | (4.7) | 27.8 | (5.8) | 26.6 | (5.3) |
| Never smokers, n (%) | 119 | (44.4) | 60 | (49.2) | 578 | (53.3) | 63 | (45.3) | 148 | (63.5) |
| Ex-smokers, n (%) | 71 | (26.5) | 30 | (24.6) | 366 | (33.7) | 55 | (39.6) | 51 | (21.9) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 78 | (29.1) | 32 | (26.2) | 141 | (13) | 21 | (15.1) | 34 | (14.6) |
| Cases/controls | 180/88 | 62/60 | 774/311 | 95/44 | 169/64 | |||||
| * FVC, L | 4.1 | (1.0) | 4.0 | (1.0) | 4.1 | (1.0) | 3.7 | (1.0) | 3.8 | (1.0) |
| * FEV1/FVC | 78.4 | (8.6) | 80 | (7.9) | 78.2 | (8.6) | 75.4 | (10.8) | 80.5 | (8.3) |
| FVC < LLN, n (%) | 36 | (13.4) | 10 | (8.2) | 141 | (13) | 20 | (14.4) | 16 | (6.9) |
| FEV1/FVC < LLN, n (%) | 32 | (11.9) | 6 | (4.9) | 130 | (12) | 25 | (18) | 25 | (10.7) |
| Nutritional supplements, n (%) | 107 | (39.9) | 52 | (42.6) | 285 | (26.3) | 49 | (35.3) | 15 | (6.4) |
| Total fruit intake, g/day | 328 | (263.8) | 278.2 | (219.4) | 320.7 | (242.5) | 328.8 | (238.3) | 549.2 | (403.7) |
| Total vegetable intake, g/day | 342.6 | (223.8) | 415.5 | (297.5) | 355.8 | (206.8) | 343.2 | (207.8) | 454.5 | (321.1) |
| Variables | Countries Participating in the GA2LEN Nutrition Survey | |||||||||
| Belgium | Germany | The Netherlands | Poland | Total | ||||||
| Ghent (107) | Total (305) | Amsterdam (174) | Total (166) | 2599 | ||||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 44.5 | (14.4) | 48.7 | (15.2) | 52.7 | (13.6) | 51.6 | (15) | 47.4 | (14.8) |
| Males, n (%) | 47 | (43.9) | 116 | (38) | 88 | (50.6) | 65 | (39.2) | 1083 | (41.7) |
| Height, m (SD) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) | 1.7 | (0.1) |
| BMI (m2/kg) | 24.5 | (4) | 26.9 | (5) | 27.1 | (4) | 27.7 | (5.2) | 26.5 | (4.8) |
| Never smokers, n (%) | 60 | (56.1) | 148 | (48.5) | 70 | (40.2) | 79 | (47.6) | 1,325 | (51) |
| Ex-smokers, n (%) | 32 | (29.9) | 108 | (35.4) | 67 | (38.5) | 48 | (28.9) | 828 | (31.9) |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 15 | (14) | 49 | (16.1) | 37 | (21.3) | 39 | (23.5) | 446 | (17.2) |
| Cases/Controls | 60/47 | 142/163 | 111/63 | 108/58 | 1701/898 | |||||
| * FVC, L | 4.3 | (1.0) | 3.9 | (1.0) | 4.1 | (1.0) | 3.8 | (1.0) | 4.0 | (1.0) |
| * FEV1/FVC | 79.4 | (9.5) | 78.8 | (7.7) | 77.1 | (8.4) | 77 | (10.4) | 78.3 | (8.8) |
| FVC < LLN, n (%) | 9 | (8.4) | 55 | (18) | 11 | (6.3) | 13 | (7.8) | 311 | (12) |
| FEV1/FVC < LLN, n (%) | 10 | (9.3) | 25 | (8.2) | 20 | (11.5) | 20 | (12) | 293 | (11.3) |
| Nutritional supplements, n (%) | 33 | (30.8) | 81 | (26.6) | 72 | (41.4) | 39 | (23.5) | 733 | (28.2) |
| Total fruit intake, g/day | 333.1 | (235.1) | 314.7 | (273.2) | 289.5 | (211.8) | 465.2 | (466.9) | 347.3 | (291.2) |
| Total vegetable intake, g/day | 244.8 | (126.1) | 261.9 | (187.2) | 224.5 | (130.5) | 482.8 | (429.6) | 349.1 | (246.9) |
FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced exhaled volume in 1 second; LLN, lower limit of normal. * Post-bronchodilator; SD standard deviation; ‘n’ number of participants; ‘%’ percentage; # Based on individuals with complete dietary data and valid (quality controlled) lung function measurements.