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. 2018 Jan 31;9:22. doi: 10.1186/s13287-018-0780-x

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Promising methods for using MSCs as delivery vehicles. (i) Transduct MSCs with retroviral vectors that carry therapeutic RNA: capture the MSCs from the patient, modify MSCs by transduction with retroviral vectors at the first passage, culture the transducted MSCs for several days, select the cells with puromycin, expand the transducted and selected cells to the clinical necessary dose, and finally administer them to the patient. (ii) Load MSCs with nanoparticles incorporated with drugs: load chemotherapeutic agents in nanoparticles, uptake the nanoparticles with MSCs, and administer the MSCs into patients