Table 2.
Duck management and their possible access to antibiotic residues (n = 26)
| Parameter assessed | Response category | Number (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Duck flock size | 5–50 | 21 (80.8) |
| 51–120 | 5 (19.2) | |
| Duck management (feeding system) | Extensive | 15 (57.7) |
| Intensive given maize bran and kitchen wastes | 2 (7.7) | |
| Both | 9 (34.6) | |
| Ducks scavenging areas | Around homestead areas and neighbouring households areas | 21 (80.8) |
| Around homestead areas | 5 (19.2) | |
| Number of dumps the ducks access during scavenging | One dumping place | 6 (23.1) |
| Two dumping places | 9 (34.6) | |
| Three dumping places | 9 (34.6) | |
| Four dumping places | 2 (7.7) | |
| Duck treatment | Yes | 0 (0.0) |
| No | 26 (100.0) | |
| Keeping other animals apart from ducks | Yes | 24 (92.3) |
| No | 2 (7.7) | |
| Treatment of other animals | Yes | 13 (50.0) |
| No | 13 (50.0) | |
| Antibiotic used in treatment of other animals | Tetracycline/oxytetracyclines | 4 (15.4) |
| Sulfonamides | 3 (11.5) | |
| Oxytetracyclines, sulfonamides, penicillin dihydrostreptomycin | 2 (7.7) | |
| Other antibiotic not known | 4 (15.4) | |
| No treatment | 13 (50.0) | |
| Commonly used antibiotics in humans | Tetracycline | 4 (15.4) |
| Ampicillin | 2 (7.7) | |
| More than one antibiotic (tetracyclines, ampicillin, amoxicillin, sulphonamides) | 8 (30.8) | |
| Other antibiotic not known | 12 (46.2) | |
| Drug containers and unused medicine disposal system | Dump | 13 (50.0) |
| Latrines | 7 (26.9) | |
| Burn | 6 (23.1) |