Table 3.

Relationship between alkaline phosphatase value and other factors

		Alkaline phosphatase
		≥ 410 IU/L	< 410 IU/L
		n = 44	n = 89	P value
Age (years)	≥ 70	22	35	0.242
	< 70	22	54
Sex	Male	27	50	0.569
	Female	17	39
Body mass index (kg/m2)	≥ 24	17	32	0.763
	< 24	27	57
Diagnosis	Benign	2	7	0.717
	Malignancy	42	82
Diabetes mellitus	Yes	13	19	0.298
	No	31	70
Jaundice (≥ 2.0 mg/dL)	Yes	26	48	0.573
	No	18	41
Preoperative biliary drainage	Yes	32	61	0.620
	No	12	28
Type of operation	PD/SSPPD	20	41	0.947
	PPPD	24	48
Operation time (min)	≥ 420	31	49	0.088
	< 420	13	40
Blood loss (mL)	≥ 800	29	44	0.073
	< 800	15	45
Transfusion	Yes	13	20	0.374
	No	31	69
Pancreatic fistule grade B/C	Yes	8	11	0.367
	No	36	78
Bile leakage	Yes	2	0	0.108
	No	42	89
Delayed gastric emptying	Yes	2	7	0.717
	No	42	82
Pneumobilia	Yes	24	32	0.041
	No	20	57

PD pancreaticoduodenectomy, SSPPD subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, PPPD pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy