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(a–c) Numerical experiment where the liquid crystal is rapidly cooled across the isotropic-nematic phase transition, leaving behind a single defect loop entangling a pair of colloidal particles. Scale bar 1 µm. (d–f) In real experiments, rapid quenching across the isotropic-nematic phase transition is performed by using laser tweezers. Scale bar, 20 µm. Numerical panels courtesy of M. Ravnik.
