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. 2018 Jan 29;6:e4319. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4319

Figure 2. The study site before and after management and a comparable area managed under the same prescription with the same result.

Figure 2

Vegetation at Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge in Minnesota (A) before and (B) during the first growing season after management intended to benefit Golden-winged Warblers and associated young forest species and (C) a landscape described as managed for Golden-winged Warblers in Bald Eagle State Park in Pennsylvania (Bakermans, Ziegler & Larkin, 2015, J Larkin, ABC, pers. comm., 2015). Inset in A demonstrates the complexity in pre-management vegetation structure at our treatment study site. Image C demonstrates that management in Minnesota replicated vegetation structure of landscapes described as managed areas for Golden-winged Warblers by an ABC employee in the Appalachian region. Photos by H Streby (A and inset) and G Kramer (B and C).