Table 3.
Median (interquartile range) urine osmolality concentrations (mOsm/kg) in NHANES 2009–2012 participants >16 years old by dietary factors and hydration status (Total protein intake, total water intake, and diuretics usage were only available in the NHANES 2009–2010 at the time of analysis). The first number for each cell corresponds to the sample size in that category.
| Age categories (years) | All | 16–20 | 21–29 | 30–39 | 40–49 | 50–59 | 60–69 | ≥70 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 10769 | 1053 | 1671 | 1652 | 1720 | 1570 | 1578 | 1525 |
| 648 (393–838) | 811(469–946) | 745(444–925) | 709 (392–887) | 678 (391–842) | 614 (370–775) | 591 (375–740) | 532(386–678) | |
| Total protein intake | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 1997 | 193 | 274 | 252 | 295 | 258 | 309 | 416 |
| < 61.7 mg/day | 569 (335–782) | 729 (434–927) | 684 (319–895) | 599 (369–837) | 596 (306–804) | 522 (310–730) | 525(289–702) | 504 (375–631) |
| Tertile 2 | 1824 | 169 | 263 | 242 | 314 | 264 | 295 | 277 |
| 61.7–92.0 mg/day | 631 (375–823) | 796 (348–917) | 727 (418–928) | 629 (306–875) | 720 (455–838) | 581 (334–754) | 554 (395–760) | 545 (374–691) |
| Tertile 3 | 1788 | 193 | 306 | 333 | 335 | 275 | 200 | 146 |
| >92.0 mg/day | 701 (454–883) | 870 (560–980) | 762 (469–936) | 751 (473–897) | 697 (459–883) | 666 (441–838) | 631 (448–781) | 558 (401–690) |
| p-trend | <0.01 | 0.05 | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| Total water intake | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 1974 | 198 | 278 | 268 | 326 | 281 | 282 | 341 |
| <340.7 mg/day | 660 (412–853) | 804 (399–953) | 782 (517–960) | 750 (461–912) | 726 (492–859) | 618 (353–789) | 579 (378–746) | 545 (387–671) |
| Tertile 2 | 1884 | 200 | 273 | 240 | 282 | 265 | 304 | 320 |
| 340.7–1184.0 mg/day | 654 (411–844) | 820 (522–957) | 783 (466–942) | 702 (341–903) | 707 (465–873) | 624 (399–775) | 534 (380–752) | 524 (376–669) |
| Tertile 3 | 1751 | 157 | 292 | 319 | 336 | 251 | 218 | 178 |
| >1184.0 mg/day | 576 (336–799) | 744 (441–920) | 548 (294–853) | 605 (343–823) | 580 (351–797) | 559 (326–746) | 603 (351–719) | 522 (380–664) |
| p-trend | <0.01 | 0.17 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.21 | 0.64 | 0.32 |
| Blood osmolality | ||||||||
| Tertile 1 | 4007 | 510 | 867 | 795 | 747 | 430 | 369 | 289 |
| <276 mmol/Kg | 576 (311–807) | 709 (394–906) | 672 (360–872) | 606 (310–836) | 562 (293–801) | 529 (281–722) | 474 (269–655) | 426 (315–549) |
| Tertile 2 | 2886 | 325 | 475 | 488 | 512 | 461 | 371 | 254 |
| 276–279 mmol/Kg | 669 (409–847) | 842 (517–959) | 771 (508–954) | 752 (481–904) | 677 (422–839) | 574 (364–749) | 588 (354–732) | 512 (366–641) |
| Tertile 3 | 3876 | 218 | 329 | 369 | 461 | 679 | 838 | 982 |
| >279 mmol/Kg | 685 (494–857) | 927 (672–1045) | 848 (624–995) | 794 (561–941) | 799 (619–921) | 660 (449–816) | 632 (441–777) | 572 (444–705) |
| p-trend | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Diuretics | ||||||||
| Yes | 719 | 1 | 4 | 22 | 84 | 107 | 195 | 306 |
| 553 (395–721) | 557 (557–557) | 771 (492–771) | 725 (461–804) | 731 (486–796) | 647 (459–788) | 524 (358–681) | 491 (380–594) | |
| No | 5091 | 566 | 869 | 839 | 891 | 707 | 645 | 574 |
| 651 (381–845) | 797 (461–946) | 738 (400–927) | 685 (369–875) | 677 (402–842) | 590 (337–767) | 578 (370–757) | 556 (369–695) | |
| p-value | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.61 | 0.49 | 0.76 | 0.06 | 0.15 | <0.01 |
P-trend across age categories for each dietary factor, hydration indicator, and medication variable are all significant (p<0.001).