Table 2. Changes in glomerular proteins expression by immunohistochemistry.

Protein	IA*	95% CI	IH*	95% CI	Change from control	p value
TGF-β1	0.041 ± 0.03	0.008–0.074	0.11 ± 0.04	0.057–0.164	2.7 X	< 0.05
CTGF	0.15 ± 0.03	0.116–0.186	0.33 ± 0.05	0.263–0.401	2.2 X	<0.01
VEGF-A	0.037 ± 0.03	0.0007–0.074	0.14 ± 0.08	0.043–0.243	3.8 X	<0.05

*: Expressed as mean % of highly-positive DAB chromogen ± SD, DAB: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine, IA: Intermittent air (Control), IH: Intermittent hypoxia, CI: confidence interval, TGF-β1: transforming growth factor-β1, CTGF: connective tissue growth factor, VEGF-A: vascular endothelial growth factor-A.