Table 1. Univariate associations of oral health variable and covariates with incident falls in males and females.

		Males			Females
		Total	Fallers		Total	Fallers
		n	n	%	n	n	%
Oral health variables
Difficulty eating tough foods	No	14749	295	2.00	15786	270	1.71
	Yes	4261	155	3.64	4179	135	3.23
	Data missing	985	25	2.54	893	25	2.80
Dry mouth	No	15793	322	2.04	16480	296	1.80
	Yes	3061	124	4.05	3195	105	3.29
	Data missing	1141	29	2.54	1183	29	2.45
Choking	No	16668	360	2.16	17539	310	1.77
	Yes	2302	93	4.04	2377	90	3.79
	Data missing	1025	22	2.15	942	30	3.18
Dental status	≥20 teeth	7965	130	1.63	7973	105	1.32
	10–19 teeth with dentures	3280	71	2.16	3101	56	1.81
	10–19 teeth without dentures	1707	41	2.40	1891	48	2.54
	≤9 teeth with dentures	4379	129	2.95	4601	134	2.91
	≤9 teeth without dentures	1712	64	3.74	1659	52	3.13
	Data missing	952	40	4.20	1633	35	2.14
Covariates
Age (years)	65–69	7381	100	1.35	7523	78	1.04
	70–74	6224	122	1.96	6571	134	2.04
	75–79	4074	126	3.09	4278	121	2.83
	80–84	1822	85	4.67	1874	70	3.74
	≥85	494	42	8.50	612	27	4.41
Educational attainment (years)	≤9	7694	237	3.08	9603	218	2.27
	10–12	6857	137	2.00	7720	140	1.81
	≥13	4867	75	1.54	2798	41	1.47
	Data missing	577	26	4.51	737	31	4.21
Equivalized income (10,000 yen)	Low (≤199)	7738	215	2.78	8227	168	2.04
	Middle (200–399)	7937	138	1.74	6668	117	1.75
	High (≥400)	2219	45	2.03	1923	29	1.51
	Data missing	2101	77	3.66	4040	116	2.87
Depression	No	13791	262	1.90	13397	212	1.58
	Mild	2997	110	3.67	2945	84	2.85
	Moderate to severe	799	48	6.01	719	33	4.59
	Data missing	2408	55	2.28	3797	101	2.66
Self-rated health	Excellent	3081	40	1.30	2887	32	1.11
	Good	14137	296	2.09	15269	286	1.87
	Fair	2345	114	4.86	2228	92	4.13
	Poor	295	19	6.44	224	18	8.04
	Data missing	137	6	4.38	250	2	0.80
IADL	Independence (13)	7012	134	1.91	10672	152	1.42
	Dependence (≤12)	11209	289	2.58	8157	210	2.57
	Data missing	1774	52	2.93	2029	68	3.35
Body mass index	<18.5	826	28	3.39	1609	35	2.18
	18.5–24.9	13835	319	2.31	14222	248	1.74
	≥25	4640	102	2.20	4026	110	2.73
	Data missing	694	26	3.75	1001	37	3.70
Present illness related to falls*	No	10612	231	2.18	9167	155	1.69
	Yes	3979	150	3.77	6322	204	3.23
	Data missing	5404	94	1.74	5369	71	1.32
Social participation	No	3280	100	3.05	3191	94	2.95
	Yes	14476	293	2.02	14703	258	1.75
	Data missing	2239	82	3.66	2964	78	2.63
Walking in min/day	≥90	3760	73	1.94	3433	58	1.69
	60–89	3634	74	2.04	3199	52	1.63
	30–59	6999	156	2.23	7415	149	2.01
	<30	5319	164	3.08	5976	144	2.41
	Data missing	283	8	2.83	835	27	3.23
Alcohol drinking status	Never drinker	6471	169	2.61	16205	341	2.10
	Former drinker	985	27	2.74	179	9	5.03
	Current drinker	11582	255	2.20	3447	54	1.57
	Data missing	957	24	2.51	1027	26	2.53
Population density (person per square kilometers)	Metropolitan (≥4,000)	5340	109	2.04	5536	86	1.55
	Urban (1,500–3,999)	5079	104	2.05	4913	79	1.61
	Semiurban (1,000–1,499)	4505	117	2.60	4673	97	2.08
	Rural (≤999)	5071	145	2.86	5736	168	2.93

*Stroke, osteoporosis, joint disease/neuralgia, injury/fracture, impaired vision and/or impaired hearing.