Binding and signaling profiles of GLP-1 and α- and α/β-peptides P1 – P9 in FlpInCHO cells stably expressing the human GLP-1R. Concentration-response curves for (A) GLP-1R binding, (B) cAMP accumulation, (C) Ca2+ mobilization, (D) ERK1/2 phosphorylation, (E) β-Arrestin-1 recruitment, and (F) β-Arrestin-2 recruitment. Data are normalized to the maximum response elicited by GLP-1 in each assay, and analyzed using a three-parameter logistic equation. Values are the mean + S.E.M. of three to four individual experiments, conducted in duplicate.