Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the cohort (n=202)
| Preterm Infants, n=98 |
Full-term Control Infants, n=104 |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Perinatal Characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| Birth GA, wk, mean ± SD | 26.83 ± 2.58 | 39.58 ± 0.973 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Birthweight, g, mean ± SD | 886 ± 308 | 3353 ± 362 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Small for gestational age, n (%) | 12 (13) | 9 (9) | 0.4033 |
|
| |||
| Male, n (%) | 44 (45) | 58 (56) | 0.123 |
|
| |||
| Native American; Hispanic; White | 0; 22 (23); 12 (12) | 2 (2); 9 (9); 31 (30) | <0.0001 |
| Asian; Black; Multiethnic, n (%) | 58 (59); 6 (6) | 10 (10); 48 (46); 4 (4) | |
|
| |||
| Vaginal delivery, n (%) | 37 (38) | 74 (71) | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Apgar score at 5 min, median [range] | 7 [1–9] | 9 [8–10] | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Maternal age, y, mean ± SD | 27.79 ± 6.27 | 29.37 ± 6.66 | 0.0845 |
|
| |||
| MRI Characteristics | |||
|
| |||
| PMA at MRI, wk, mean ± SD | 40.12 ± 1.39 | 41.22 ± 1.07 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Age at MRI, d, mean ± SD | 92.92 ± 20.14 | 11.42 ± 4.49 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Head circumference at MRI, cm, mean ± SD | 33.14 ± 1.97 | 35.62 ± 1.34a | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Supplemental oxygen at MRI, n (%) | 27 (28) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Low-grade (I-II) IVH, n (%) | 12 (12) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Parenchymal brain injury, n (%) | 47 (48) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Brain Abnormalitiesb | |||
|
| |||
| Cystic white matter lesions, n (%) | 5 (5) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Focal white matter signal abnormality, n (%) | 20 (20) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Delayed myelination, n (%) | 3 (3) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Thinning of the corpus callosum, n (%) | 48 (49) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Dilation of the lateral ventricles, n (%) | 39 (40) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Reduce white matter volume, n (%) | 57 (58) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Increased extracerebral space, n (%) | 28 (29) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Deep gray matter signal abnormality, n (%) | 6 (6) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Reduce deep gray matter volume, n (%) | 8 (8) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Cerebellar signal abnormality, n (%) | 16 (16) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Reduce cerebellar volume, n (%) | 42 (43) | na | na |
|
| |||
| Brain injury category, n (%) | 43 (44); 33 (34); 15 (15) | na | na |
| Normal; Mild; Moderate | |||
a
not collected in five healthy full-term infants
b
Brain abnormalities were scored using Kidokoro et al. classification.26 The brain classification could not be used for seven preterm infants: their gestational age at MRI was higher than 42 weeks.