Table 5.
Differences in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Among the Patient Subgroups Using K-Modes Analysis
| Characteristic | All Low n=536 (40.3%) (0) | Moderate Physical & Lower Psychological n=205 (15.4%) (1) | Moderate Physical & Higher Psychological n=280 (21.1%) (2) | All High n=308 (23.2%) (3) | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | 59.6 (11.7) | 58.1 (12.1) | 55.3 (13.1) | 54.4 (12.1) | F(3,1325) = 15.10, p<.001 |
| 0 > 2 and 3 | |||||
| 1 > 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Education (years) | 16.3 (3.1) | 16.0 (2.9) | 16.7 (3.0) | 15.6 (2.9) | F(3,1298) = 6.44, p<.001 |
| 0 > 2 and 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.2 (5.5) | 26.3 (5.8) | 25.8 (5.2) | 26.7 (6.3) | F(3,1307) = 1.26, p = .287 |
|
| |||||
| Karnofsky Performance Status score | 85.0 (11.3) | 77.8 (12.2) | 78.6 (11.9) | 74.2 (11.7) | F(3,1271) = 59.38, p<.001 |
| 0 >1, 2, and 3 | |||||
| 1 and 2 > 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Number of comorbidities | 2.1 (1.3) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.9 (1.6) | F(3,1325) = 20.27, p<.001 |
| 0 <1 and 3 | |||||
| 2 < 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| SCQ score | 4.7 (2.7) | 5.9 (3.1) | 5.5 (3.0) | 6.6 (3.8) | F(3,1325) = 28.30, p<.001 |
| 0 <1, 2, and 3 | |||||
| 1 and 2 < 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| AUDIT score | 3.1 (2.2) | 2.3 (1.9) | 3.1 (2.7) | 3.1 (2.9) | F(3,856) = 3.92, p = .009 |
| 1 < 0, 2 and 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Time since cancer diagnosis (years) | 2.0 (3.8) | 2.2 (4.0) | 2.1 (4.3) | 1.7 (3.6) | KW, p = .831 |
|
| |||||
| Time since cancer diagnosis (median) | 0.42 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.42 | |
|
| |||||
| Number of prior cancer treatments | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.5) | 1.7 (1.5) | 1.6 (1.5) | F(3,1312) = 0.41, p = .748 |
|
| |||||
| Number of metastatic sites including lymph node involvement | 1.3 (1.2) | 1.4 (1.3) | 1.2 (1.2) | 1.1 (1.2) | F(3,1325) = 2.33, p = .073 |
|
| |||||
| Number of metastatic sites excluding lymph node involvement | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.9 (1.1) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.7 (1.0) | F(3,1325) = 1.83, p = .140 |
|
| |||||
| % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | % (n) | ||
|
| |||||
| Gender | X2 = 50.10, p<.001 | ||||
| Female+ | 69.6 (373) | 74.1 (152) | 83.9 (235) | 88.6 (273) | 0 < 2 and 3 |
| Male | 30.4 (163) | 25.9 (53) | 15.7 (44) | 11.4 (35) | 1 < 3 |
| Transgender* | 0.0 (0) | 0.0 (0) | 0.4 (1) | 0.0 (0) | |
|
| |||||
| Ethnicity | X2 = 24.93, p = .003 | ||||
| White | 71.2 (375) | 60.7 (122) | 77.8 (217) | 66.6 (203) | 1 and 3 < 2 |
| Black | 12.7 (67) | 16.9 (34) | 8.6 (24) | 11.8 (36) | 1 > 2 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 7.2 (38) | 10.9 (22) | 4.3 (12) | 7.5 (23) | 1 > 2 |
| Hispanic Mixed or Other | 8.9 (47) | 11.4 (23) | 9.3 (26) | 14.1 (43) | NS |
|
| |||||
| Married or partnered (% yes) | 66.9 (354) | 64.4 (130) | 60.9 (167) | 63.0 (192) | X2 = 3.16, p = .367 |
|
| |||||
| Lives alone (% yes) | 20.7 (109) | 20.2 (41) | 23.3 (64) | 22.5 (69) | X2 = 1.12, p = .773 |
|
| |||||
| Child care responsibilities (% yes) | 19.4 (102) | 17.4 (34) | 20.4 (57) | 31.0 (93) | X2 = 19.01, p = .000 |
| 0, 1, and 2 < 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Care of adult responsibilities (% yes) | 6.1 (30) | 9.9 (18) | 8.3 (21) | 9.4 (26) | X2 = 4.15, p = .246 |
|
| |||||
| Currently employed (% yes) | 38.9 (206) | 36.0 (73) | 37.5 (104) | 25.9 (79) | X2 = 15.42, p = .001 |
| 0 and 2 > 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Income | KW, p = .001 | ||||
| < $30,000+ | 15.1 (70) | 20.4 (38) | 15.1 (39) | 25.6 (72) | 0 and 2 < 3 |
| $30,000 to <$70,000 | 19.8 (92) | 21.0 (39) | 22.8 (59) | 22.1 (62) | |
| $70,000 to < $100,000 | 18.8 (87) | 17.7 (33) | 13.1 (34) | 16.0 (45) | |
| ≥ $100,000 | 46.3 (215) | 40.9 (76) | 49.0 (127) | 36.3 (102) | |
|
| |||||
| Specific comorbidities (% yes) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Heart disease | 6.3 (34) | 7.3 (15) | 4.6 (13) | 4.9 (15) | X2 = 2.33, p = .507 |
|
| |||||
| High blood pressure | 30.4 (163) | 36.1 (74) | 25.7 (72) | 31.2 (96) | X2 = 6.13, p = .106 |
|
| |||||
| Lung disease | 11.2 (60) | 9.3 (19) | 12.1 (34) | 12.0 (37) | X2 = 1.21, p = .752 |
|
| |||||
| Diabetes | 8.8 (47) | 15.1 (31) | 5.7 (16) | 8.8 (27) | X2 = 12.97, p = .005 |
| 1 > 2 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Ulcer or stomach disease | 3.4 (18) | 4.9 (10) | 3.9 (11) | 8.1 (25) | X2 = 10.29, p = .016 |
| 0 < 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Kidney disease | 0.9 (5) | 1.5 (3) | 1.4 (4) | 2.3 (7) | X2 = 2.49, p = .476 |
|
| |||||
| Liver disease | 6.2 (33) | 8.3 (17) | 5.7 (16) | 6.5 (20) | X2 = 1.48, p = .688 |
|
| |||||
| Anemia or blood disease | 8.6 (46) | 15.1 (31) | 9.3 (26) | 19.8 (61) | X2 = 26.75, p<.001 |
| 0 and 2 < 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Depression | 7.5 (40) | 13.7 (28) | 28.6 (80) | 34.7 (107) | X2 = 115.51, p<.001 |
| 0 and 1 < 2 and 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Osteoarthritis | 9.9 (53) | 12.2 (25) | 13.2 (37) | 15.6 (48) | X2 = 6.20, p = .102 |
|
| |||||
| Back pain | 16.0 (86) | 29.3 (60) | 26.4 (74) | 39.9 (123) | X2 = 60.12, p<.001 |
| 0 <1, 2, and 3 | |||||
| 2 < 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 3.2 (17) | 3.9 (8) | 1.8 (5) | 4.2 (13) | X2 = 3.13, p = .372 |
|
| |||||
| Exercise on a regular basis (% yes) | 73.6 (388) | 69.0 (138) | 74.2 (204) | 64.4 (192) | X2 = 9.73, p = .021 |
| 0 > 3 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Smoking, current or history of (% yes) | 35.5 (188) | 34.0 (68) | 37.9 (105) | 33.6 (101) | X2 = 1.38, p = .710 |
|
| |||||
| Cancer diagnosis | X2 = 43.25, p<.001 | ||||
| Breast | 34.9 (187) | 37.1 (76) | 47.1 (132) | 45.1 (139) | 0 < 2 and 3 |
| Gastrointestinal | 34.9 (187) | 40.5 (83) | 20.4 (57) | 26.0 (80) | 0 and 1 > 2 and 3 |
| Gynecological | 16.8 (90) | 10.7 (22) | 22.1 (62) | 19.2 (59) | 1 < 2 |
| Lung | 13.4 (72) | 11.7 (24) | 10.4 (29) | 9.7 (30) | NS |
|
| |||||
| Type of prior cancer treatment | KW, p = .226 | ||||
| No prior treatment | 25.9 (135) | 30.8 (61) | 20.1 (55) | 24.0 (72) | |
| Only surgery, CTX, or RT | 41.7 (217) | 37.9 (75) | 44.3 (121) | 43.3 (130) | |
| Surgery & CTX, or Surgery & RT, or CTX & RT | 20.0 (104) | 19.7 (39) | 22.7 (62) | 17.3 (52) | |
| Surgery & CTX & RT | 12.5 (65) | 11.6 (23) | 12.8 (35) | 15.3 (46) | |
Abbreviations: AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, CTX = chemotherapy, kg = kilograms, KW = Kruskal Wallis; m2 = meter squared, NS = not significant, RT = radiation therapy, SCQ = Self-Administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, SD = standard deviation
*
Chi Square analysis and post hoc contrasts done without the transgender patient include in the analyses
+
Reference group for the post hoc comparisons