. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2017 Nov 18;53(1):21–30. doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1461-2

Table 3.

Associations of alcohol use initiation ^a and childhood trauma exposure with indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood factors

	Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Intervals)
	Alcohol use initiation	Interpersonal childhood trauma	Broadly defined childhood trauma
Indicators of SES
Single-parent household	0.76 (0.64–0.91)^*	1.40 (1.13–1.73)^*	1.47 (1.20–1.80)^*
Receipt of public assistance	0.73 (0.61–0.87)^*	1.54 (1.24–1.90)^*	1.57 (1.29–1.93)^*
Primary caregiver education <12 years	0.80 (0.67–0.95)^*	1.51 (1.22–1.87)^*	1.54 (1.26–1.89)^*
Neighborhood factors
Low safety	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	1.02 (1.01–1.04)^*	1.02 (1.01–1.04)^*
Cohesion	1.02 (1.01–1.03)^*	0.98 (0.97–0.99)^*	0.98 (0.97–0.99)^*
Physical disorder	0.88 (0.83–0.94)^*	1.12 (1.04–1.21)^*	1.13 (1.05–1.21)^*

ever consumed a full alcoholic drink (based on proxy for age at first drink);

p<0.05