Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of adult patients on Medicaid who received kidney transplants from 1990–2011.
| US citizens | Permanent residents | Nonresident aliens | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=8660) | (n=1489) | (n=346) | |||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, y | 42.0 [31.0–53.0] | 46.0 [34.0–57.0] | 34.5 [27.0–49.0] | <0.001 | |
| Male Sex | 4364 (50.4%) | 835 (56.1%) | 219 (63.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Hispanic | 1766 (20.4%) | 890 (59.8%) | 265 (76.6%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 2899 (33.5%) | 122 (8.2%) | 34 (9.8%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic white or other | 3995 (46.1%) | 477 (32.0%) | 47 (13.6%) | ||
| Dialysis Characteristics | |||||
| Dialysis Modalityb | <0.001 | ||||
| No dialysis | 1802 (20.8%) | 127 (8.5%) | –c | ||
| Hemodialysis | 5796 (66.9%) | 1195 (80.3%) | 289 (83.5%) | ||
| Peritoneal dialysis | 866 (10.0%) | 147 (9.9%) | 44 (12.7%) | ||
| Primary Cause of ESKD | <0.001 | ||||
| Other | 5107 (59.0%) | 904 (60.7%) | 214 (61.8%) | ||
| Diabetes | 2027 (23.4%) | 276 (18.5%) | 41 (11.8%) | ||
| Unknown | 1526 (17.6%) | 309 (20.8%) | 91 (26.3%) | ||
| Dialysis vintage of <1 Y before Transplantationd | 4842 (55.9%) | 568 (38.1%) | 120 (34.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Peripheral Vascular Diseasee | 277 (3.2%) | 47 (3.2%) | –c | >0.05f | |
| Cerebrovascular Diseaseg | 224 (2.6%) | 27 (1.8%) | –c | <0.05f | |
| Lung Disease (COPD)h | 98 (1.1%) | 11 (0.7%) | –c | <0.05f | |
| Canceri | 147 (1.7%) | 14 (0.9%) | –c | <0.05f | |
| Diabetesj | 3135 (36.5%) | 439 (29.5%) | 59 (17.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Functional Status | <0.001 | ||||
| NYHA I or II | 6812 (78.7%) | 1228 (82.5%) | 310 (89.6%) | ||
| NYHA III | 804 (9.3%) | 91 (6.1%) | 13 (3.8%) | ||
| NYHA IV | 191 (2.2%) | 68 (4.6%) | –c | ||
| Unknown | 853 (9.8%) | 102 (6.9%) | 18 (5.2%) | ||
| Comorbidity Count | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.8 (0.5) | 0.9 (0.4) | ||
| Transplant Characteristics | |||||
| <1 Y from Dialysis to Waitlistk | 4555 (52.6%) | 581 (39.0%) | 109 (31.5%) | <0.001 | |
| Transplant Date before 2000 | 2589 (29.9%) | 346 (23.2%) | 38 (11.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Deceased Donor | 5900 (68.1%) | 1094 (73.5%) | 206 (59.5%) | <0.001 | |
| >80% PRAl | 216 (2.5%) | 53 (3.6%) | –c | >0.05f | |
| 0-mismatch HLAm | 875 (10.1%) | 174 (11.7%) | 58 (16.8%) | <0.001 | |
| BMI, kg/m2n | 26.2 (5.2) | 25.1 (4.7) | 24.2 (4.4) | <0.001 | |
| Multiple Organ Recipient | 537 (6.2%) | 48 (3.2%) | –c | <0.001 | |
| ABO Blood Group | <0.001 | ||||
| A | 3119 (36.0%) | 486 (32.6%) | 98 (28.3%) | ||
| AB | 440 (5.1%) | 76 (5.1%) | 22 (6.4%) | ||
| B | 1206 (13.9%) | 212 (14.2%) | 34 (9.8%) | ||
| O | 3895 (45.0%) | 715 (48.0%) | 192 (55.5%) | ||
| Cold ischemia time of >14 ho | 3487 (40.3%) | 643 (43.2%) | 122 (35.3%) | 0.075 | |
| Donor Characteristics | |||||
| Donor Age, yp | 36.6 (15.4) | 37.0 (15.6) | 34.5 (15.7) | 0.02 | |
| Male Donorq | 4732 (54.6%) | 838 (56.3%) | 197 (56.9%) | 0.4 | |
| Donor Racer | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 6106 (70.5%) | 849 (57.0%) | 165 (47.7%) | ||
| Black | 1509 (17.4%) | 137 (9.2%) | 25 (7.2%) | ||
| Other | 1028 (11.9%) | 502 (33.7%) | 156 (45.1%) | ||
| Hispanic Donor | 1766 (20.4%) | 890 (59.8%) | 265 (76.6%) | <0.001 | |
| Donor Citizenship | <0.001 | ||||
| US citizen | 8181 (94.5%) | 1164 (78.2%) | 226 (65.3%) | ||
| Resident alien | 215 (2.5%) | 200 (13.4%) | 51 (14.7%) | ||
| Non-resident alien | 126 (1.5%) | 87 (5.8%) | 62 (17.9%) | ||
| Donor Serum Creatinine, mg/dLs | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.0) | 1.0 (0.8) | 0.7 | |
Note: Values for categorical variables are given as number (percentage); values for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median [Q1–Q3].
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; NYHA, New York Health Association; PRA, panel reactive antibody
Missing for 196 US citizens, 20 permanent residents, and <10 non-resident aliens.
Per federal research regulations, any cell counts <10 must not be reported.
Missing for 426 US citizens, 69 permanent residents, and 11 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 1007 US citizens, 140 permanent residents, and 19 non-resident aliens.
We have masked the specific p-values to prevent the N<10 cells from being calculated.
Missing for 1218 US citizens, 175 permanent residents, and 36 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 897 US citizens, 125 permanent residents, and 17 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 956 US citizens, 126 permanent residents, and 16 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 641 US citizens, 100 permanent residents, and 13 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 1089 US citizens, 136 permanent residents, and 34 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 772 US citizens, 52 permanent residents, and 16 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 250 US citizens, 55 permanent residents, and 16 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 1629 US citizens, 247 permanent residents, and 53 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 1405 US citizens, 205 permanent residents, and 61 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 15 US citizens, 0 permanent residents, and 0 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 15 US citizens, 0 permanent residents, and 0 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 17 US citizens, <10 permanent residents, and 0 non-resident aliens.
Missing for 760 US citizens, 107 permanent residents, and 11 non-resident aliens.