TABLE 4.

Intervention effects on service utilization at 6 months among participants with serious mental illness^a

	Unadjusted Estimatesb						Adjusted Analysisc
	RS			CEP				CEP vs RS
	Total N	M	SD	Total N	M	SD	IRR	95% CI
Among those with serious mental illness
Healthcare sector visits for depressiond e	170	19.9	38.5	186	18.7	35.2	.87	.57–1.33
Outpatient primary care services for depression	170	1.3	3.4	188	1.5	2.9	1.12	.74–1.68
Mental health outpatient visits	171	15.2	33	189	10.6	2.9	.69	.43–1.11
Mental health outpatient visits received advice for medication	171	9.1	28.6	189	4.3	7.7	.44	.29–.67
Mental health outpatient visits received counseling	171	12.7	31.5	189	7.0	13.2	.55	.35–.86
Community sector visits for depressionf	171	4.9	21.3	190	6.0	22.3	1.36	.66–2.78
Religious services for depression	171	.6	2.2	190	1.4	6.1	2.94	1.19–7.25
Among those with serious mental illness with poor mental health-related quality of lifeg
Healthcare sector visits for depression	106	21.8	41.2	108	17.6	34.1	.88	.53–1.47
Outpatient primary care services for depression	106	1.8	4.1	108	2.0	3.3	1.07	.66–1.72
Mental health outpatient visits	106	16.0	34.6	110	9.2	15.7	.66	.39–1.12
Mental health outpatient visits received advice for medication	106	9.9	3.7	110	4.0	5.0	.45	.26–.79
Mental health outpatient visits received counseling	106	14.3	33.7	110	7.0	11.3	.53	.31–.90
Community sector visits for depression	106	6.1	25.1	110	4.0	12.2	.87	.27–2.79
Religious services for depression	106	.7	2.5	110	1.0	4.3	2.08	.66–6.56
Among bipolar disorder or psychosis, lifetime history
Healthcare sector visits for depression	133	22.0	42.5	154	19.6	37.9	.86	.54–1.36
Outpatient primary care services for depression	133	1.2	2.9	156	1.4	2.9	1.28	.80–2.05
Mental health outpatient visits	134	17.1	36.5	157	1.4	21.7	.65	.38–1.11
Mental health outpatient visits received advice for medication	134	1.3	31.8	157	4.5	8.2	.40	.26–.63
Mental health outpatient visits received counseling	134	14.1	34.9	157	6.8	13.7	.50	.30–.83
Community sector visits for depression	134	5.5	23.8	158	6.4	23.8	1.31	.59–2.92
Religious services for depression	134	.7	2.5	158	1.6	6.7	2.89	1.20–6.99

^aSerious mental illness, defined as the presence of 1 or more of the following: severe major depressive disorder (PHQ-8 score ≥ 20), lifetime history of bipolar disorder or psychosis

^bRaw data without weighting or imputation

^cAdjusted analyses used multiply imputed data, weighted for eligible sample for enrollment; Poisson regression models (presented as incidence rate ratios, IRR), adjusted for baseline status of the dependent variable, age, race/ethnicity, education, 12-month depressive disorder, and community and accounted for the design effect of the cluster randomization

^dTotal healthcare sector visits for depression defined as outpatient primary care services for depression; emergency or urgent care visits for alcohol, drug, and mental health problems; mental health specialty outpatient visits; outpatient substance abuse services for depression

^eFor all service settings, depression-related visits were defined as services for which clients reported talking about depression or medications for depression; counseling for depression, stress, or emotional problems; or being referred to specialty mental health services

^fCommunity sector visits for depression defined as homeless and social/community sector services for depression

^gPoor mental health-related quality of life, defined as MCS-12 ≤ 40; one standard deviation below population mean