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. 2018 Feb 1;8:2084. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20367-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differential bacterial composition between fenitrothion resistant and susceptible An. albimanus. Based on the alignment of sequencing reads (FEN_Res, n = 83,947,332; FEN_Sus, n = 60,444,900) to the NCBI-NR protein database, 37 bacterial genera and one uncultured β-proteobacterium* were identified in fenitrothion resistant and susceptible An. albimanus samples. Five genera; Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Escherichia and Salmonella comprised over 93% of identified genera in both samples and are considered as the predominant genera in this study. Plot (a) shows the proportions of each predominant genera as well as the proportions of unclassified reads in fenitrothion resistant and susceptible samples. Thirty two bacterial genera comprising the remaining proportion (1.8%) of the microbiota are grouped as ‘other genera’ and expanded in plot (b). Bacterial genera that are unique to either resistant or susceptible An. albimanus are presented in bold typeface. There were differential abundances of predominant (a) and other (b) genera between FEN_Res and FEN_Sus, with significant (p < 0.001) enrichment of Klebsiella in FEN_Res.