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. 2018 Feb 1;8:2026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20272-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison of the current LIM model with a FDM model. The phenotypes of LIM with −30 D and 0 D lenses (a, n = 5), LIM with −30 D lens and naked eyes (b, n = 8), and FDM and naked eyes (c, n = 10) are compared. After three weeks of inducement, all the mice in the three groups show a myopic shift in refraction (d) while no significant difference in AL can be found in the FDM group (e). LIM can induce greater myopia than FDM on changes of both refraction and AL. Wearing 0 D lenses have no detectable influence on the change of refraction and AL. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Error bars indicate mean ± s.d.