Table 2.

Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of visual impairment for depression.

Characteristic	Depression
	Crude	P-value	Adjusted†	P-value
Total visual impairment (n = 29,230)
Visual impairment	1.22 (1.09–1.36)	0.001*	1.19 (1.06–1.33)	0.002*
Control	1.00		1.00
Non-blindness visual impairment (n = 23,140)
Visual impairment	1.17 (1.03–1.33)	0.017*	1.15 (1.01–1.31)	0.036*
Control	1.00		1.00
Blindness (n = 6,090)
Visual impairment	1.37 (1.10–1.70)	0.005*	1.31 (1.05–1.64)	0.016*
Control	1.00		1.00

*Cox proportional hazard regression model; significant at P < 0.05.

^†Adjusted model for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.