Table 3.
Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of visual impairment for depression for age and sex subgroups.
| Characteristic | Depression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | P-value | Adjusted† | P-value | |
| Young (0–29 years old, n = 3,485) | ||||
| Visual impairment | 1.39 (0.95–2.04) | 0.095 | 1.30 (0.88–1.92) | 0.186 |
| Control | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Middle-aged (30–59 years old, n = 14,140) | ||||
| Visual impairment | 1.31 (1.11–1.55) | 0.001* | 1.26 (1.07–1.49) | 0.006* |
| Control | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Elderly (60+ years old, n = 11,605) | ||||
| Visual impairment | 1.11 (0.95–1.31) | 0.203 | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) | 0.228 |
| Control | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Male (n = 17,405) | ||||
| Visual impairment | 1.22 (1.04–1.43) | 0.012* | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) | 0.029* |
| Control | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Female (n = 11,825) | ||||
| Visual impairment | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 0.017* | 1.19 (1.01–1.39) | 0.032* |
| Control | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
*Cox proportional hazard regression model; significant at P < 0.05.
Adjusted model for age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.