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. 2018 Feb 1;8:2182. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20213-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quercetin enhances ZD55-TRAIL-mediated growth inhibition in HCC cells. Notes: (A) HCC cell lines HepG2, HuH-7 and SMMC-7721 were treated with ZD55-TRAIL (1, 2, 5, 10 MOI), quercetin (5, 10, 25, 50 μM), or both for 48 h and tested for viability by the MTT assay. The plots are representative of three independent experiments. (B) Synergistic effect of ZD55-TRAIL and quercetin on HCC cells was quantified by combination index (CIN) analysis and expressed as log₁₀ (CIN) versus fraction affected. Confidence levels of 95% are shown wherever applicable. Synergism was analyzed by Chou–Talalay Combination Index (CI) using CalcuSyn software (Biosoft, Cambridge Place, Cambrige, UK). The simulated CI values, as shown by the middle curve, is expressed as the log₁₀ (CI) ± 1.96 SD. Log₁₀ (CI) > 0 indicates antagonism, Log₁₀ (CI) = 0 indicates cumulative efficiency and Log₁₀ (CI) < 0 indicates synergism.