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. 2017 Dec 27;10(1):7. doi: 10.3390/v10010007

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Cellular immune response elicited by NYVAC-C recombinant after combined deletion of various unknown non-essential genes with VACV-IFN and cytokine inhibitors. Magnitude and phenotypic profiles of (A) memory HIV-1-specific CD4⁺ (top) and CD8⁺ (bottom) T cells and (B) memory VACV-specific CD8⁺ T cells. The vaccine-induced cellular immune response was characterized by multi-parameter flow cytometry 53 days after the last immunization. Values indicate the sum of the percentages of T cells secreting IFN-γ and/or TNF-α and/or IL-2 against Env plus Gag plus GPN peptide pools (for HIV-1-specific responses) or E3 peptide (for VACV-specific responses). Background percentages were subtracted from all data. The phenotype of vaccine-induced memory responses was determined based on expression of CD44 and CD62L surface markers on activated T cells as in Figure 3. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001. Significant differences compared to the NYVAC-C group (for HIV-1 response) are indicated above each column.

Cellular immune response elicited by NYVAC-C recombinant after combined deletion of various unknown non-essential genes with VACV-IFN and cytokine inhibitors. Magnitude and phenotypic profiles of (A) memory HIV-1-specific CD4⁺ (top) and CD8⁺ (bottom) T cells and (B) memory VACV-specific CD8⁺ T cells. The vaccine-induced cellular immune response was characterized by multi-parameter flow cytometry 53 days after the last immunization. Values indicate the sum of the percentages of T cells secreting IFN-γ and/or TNF-α and/or IL-2 against Env plus Gag plus GPN peptide pools (for HIV-1-specific responses) or E3 peptide (for VACV-specific responses). Background percentages were subtracted from all data. The phenotype of vaccine-induced memory responses was determined based on expression of CD44 and CD62L surface markers on activated T cells as in Figure 3. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001. Significant differences compared to the NYVAC-C group (for HIV-1 response) are indicated above each column.