Table 2.

Sensors based on FETs and aptamers presented in the literature.

Substance	LoD, M	Type	Reference
Low-weight molecules
Adenosine	5 × 10−5	Si-ISFET	[23]
Adenosine	1 × 10−11	Graphene-FET	[40]
Cocaine	1 × 10−6	Si-ISFET	[24]
K+	Kass = (2.18 ± 0.44) × 106	Si-ISFET	[25]
Bisphenol A	1 × 10−12–1 × 10−14	Carbon-FET	[41]
ATP	-	FET	[26]
Vanillin (our previous work)	1.55 × 10−7	Si-ISFET	[28]
Vanillin	1 × 10−8	Si-ISFET	This work
Protein molecules
Thrombin	2.5 × 10−8	Si-ISFET	[42]
Thrombin	7 × 10−7	Si-ISFET	[43]
Thrombin	5 × 10−8	Polypyrrole-FET	[44]
Thrombin	2 × 10−11	Carbon-FET	[45]
Vascular endotherial growth factor	1.04 × 10−9–1.04 × 10−10	Si-ISFET	[46]
IgE	Kdiss = 4.7 × 10−8	Graphene-ISFET	[47]
IgE	2.5 × 10−10	Carbon-FET	[48]
Interferon gamma	8.3 × 10−11	Graphene-ISFET	[49]
Platelet-derived growth factor	5 × 10−12	Carbon-FET	[50]
Platelet-derived growth factor	-	Diamond-FET	[51]