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. 2018 Jan 15;18(1):232. doi: 10.3390/s18010232

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Hyperbolic metamaterial plasmonic biosensor integrated with microfluidics: (a) a 3D view of the fabricated biosensor with a fluid flow channel and a SEM image of the fabricated 2D subwavelength gold diffraction grating on top of the sensor surface; (b) photograph of the grating coupled hyperbolic metamaterial sensor device fully integrated with a microfluidic channel and sample tubing; (c) real parts of effective permittivity of biosensor, which shows a hyperbolic dispersion at λ ≥ 520 nm (dashed vertical line). In the inset the side view of fabricated biosensor is shown; and (d) reflectance spectra of the grating coupled HMM at different angles of incidence. It shows four prominent reflectance dips, corresponding to the bulk plasmon polariton modes, and two weak reflectance minima in the shorter wavelengths, corresponding to the SPP modes, all six modes are guided modes (redrawn from [85]).

Hyperbolic metamaterial plasmonic biosensor integrated with microfluidics: (a) a 3D view of the fabricated biosensor with a fluid flow channel and a SEM image of the fabricated 2D subwavelength gold diffraction grating on top of the sensor surface; (b) photograph of the grating coupled hyperbolic metamaterial sensor device fully integrated with a microfluidic channel and sample tubing; (c) real parts of effective permittivity of biosensor, which shows a hyperbolic dispersion at λ ≥ 520 nm (dashed vertical line). In the inset the side view of fabricated biosensor is shown; and (d) reflectance spectra of the grating coupled HMM at different angles of incidence. It shows four prominent reflectance dips, corresponding to the bulk plasmon polariton modes, and two weak reflectance minima in the shorter wavelengths, corresponding to the SPP modes, all six modes are guided modes (redrawn from [85]).