Table 3.
The conductivity and permittivity of biological substances.
| Ref. # | Biological Substances | Conductivity [S/m] | Permittivity εr |
|---|---|---|---|
| [61] | Fungi (Neurospora sitophila or Aspergillus niger) | N/S * | 8 |
| [62] | Breast Phantom (20:80) @ 3 GHz | 0.91 | 12.13 |
| [62] | Breast Tumor @ 3 GHz | 3.14 | 55.45 |
| [74] | Fat | 0.03–0.06 | 5.9–6.6 |
| [74] | Liver | 0.4–0.5 | 65–81 |
| [74] | Wet Skin | 0.47–0.55 | 60–72 |
| [75] | SW-620 cell line (colorectal cancerous cell) | 0.02 | N/S * |
| [76] | U87 glial cells (cells in central nervous system) | 0.1 | 42 |
| [28] | MRC-5 cell line (Human Lungs Fibroblast cells) | N/S * | 53 |
* N/S represents not-stated; Note [62]: A significant difference in conductivity and permittivity of breast phantom and breast tumor provides a rich information to distinguish between healthy and malignant cells.