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. 2018 Jan 31;19(1):76–100. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1422224

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 4. — Modulation of the optical properties in GQDs through chemical functionalization alone. Energy levels and PL for nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots (NGQDs). (a) Predicted energy level diagrams for graphene with different functional groups. (b) Measured energy level diagram for NGQDs. (c) PL image of NGQDs in aqueous solution excited using a UV lamp (365 nm): (i) Azo-GQDs; (ii) NH₂-GQDs; (iii) OPD-GQDs; and (iv) DAN-GQDs. (d) Corresponding normalized PL spectra (excited at 380 nm) from aqueous dispersions of NGQDs. Reproduced with permission from [62]. Copyright 2016, Wiley-VCH.