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. 2018 Jan 31;19(1):76–100. doi: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1422224

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by National Institute for Materials Science in partnership with Taylor & Francis

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 7. — GQDs-based LEDs. (a) Schematic of organic LEDs (OLED) employing GQDs. GraHIL and TPBI (1, 3, 5-tri(phenyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-benzene) are hole and electron transporting layers, respectively. (b) Photograph of white-light emission from an OLED employing 10 nm GQDs. (c) Normalized PL intensity of a set of OLEDs at a fixed bias (13 V). Reproduced with permission from [69]. (d) Schematic illustration of the GQD-LEDs structure and the corresponding band diagram. (e) Electroluminescence image of GQD-LEDs consisting of five emitting areas. (f) Luminous efficiencies and emission spectra of the devices. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society. Reproduced with permission from [70]. Copyright 2014, Wiley-VCH.