Table 7.
Absorption, distribution and metabolism of betulinic acid
| Absorption | |||
| HIA (%) | PCaco-2 (nm/s) | Pskin | |
| 96.00 | 21.86 | −2.11 | |
| Distribution | |||
| PPB (%) | Cbrain/Cblood | P-Glycoprotein (Inhibition) | P-Glycoprotein (Substrate) |
| 100.00 | 8.20 | Inhibitor | Substrate |
| Metabolism | |||
| Phase I | Phase II | ||
| Enzyme | Inhibitor/Substrate | Enzyme | Substrate/Non-substrate |
| Cytochrome P450 2C19 (Inhibitor) | Non | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) | Non-substrate |
| Cytochrome P450 2C9 (Inhibitor) | Inhibitor | Sulfotransferase (SULT) | Non-substrate |
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 (Inhibitor) | Non | ||
| Cytochrome P450 2D6 (substrate) | Non | ||
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 ((Inhibitor) | Inhibitor | ||
| Cytochrome P450 3A4 (substrate) | Substrate | ||