Table 1.
Physicochemical parameters, bioactive compound and total antioxidant capacity in monofloral honeys from Ecuador.
| Parameters | Monofloral Honey Types/Values | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Avocado Honey | Eucalyptus Honey | Rapeseed Honey | |
| Physicochemical parameters | |||
| Colour (mm Pfund) | 137.29 ± 66.97 a | 39.87 ± 11.46 b | 37.09 ±3.32 b |
| Moisture (%) | 16.42 ± 2.53 a | 18.62 ± 1.84 b | 14.63 ± 2.74 c |
| pH | 5.23 ± 0.96 a | 4.01 ± 0.18 b | 3.96 ± 0.24 b |
| Hydroxymethylfurfural (mg/kg of honey) | 27.16 ± 30.43 a | 3.78 ± 3.48 b | 70.81 ± 7.86 c |
| Diastase index (ºGothe) | 47.65 ± 34.95 a | 32.92 ± 11.35 b | 13.71 ± 2.99 c |
| Electrical conductivity (mS/cm) | 1.31 ± 0.47 a | 0.39 ± 0.03 b | 0.20 ± 0.01 c |
| Ash content (%) | 1.05 ± 0.13 a | 0.25 ± 0.02 b | 0.11 ± 0.01 c |
| Bioactive compounds | |||
| Total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g of honey) | 68.23 ± 5.79 a | 47.71 ± 1.71 b | 34.33 ± 0.895 c |
| Total flavonoid content (mg CEq/100 g of honey) | 4.25 ± 1.22 a | 1.09 ± 0.24 b | 0.72 ± 0.20 c |
| Total carotenoids content (mg βcarotE/kg of honey) | 2.24 ± 0.67 a | 1.60 ± 0.33 b | 0.76 ± 0.14 c |
| Total free amino acids content (mg LE/100 g of honey) | 83.46 ± 43.41 a | 14.07 ± 3.20 b | 10.53 ± 3.66 c |
| Total proline content (mg Prol/100 g of honey) | 1039.94 ± 53.31 a | 140.82 ± 40.71 b | 88.19 ± 18.53 c |
| Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) | |||
| FRAP (μmol TE/100 g of honey) | 425.35 ± 49.24 a | 142.97 ± 13.84 b | 92.05 ± 4.30 c |
| DPPH (μmol TE/100 g of honey) | 84.05 ± 5.16 a | 44.30 ± 5.33 b | 18.22 ± 3.19 c |
| O2•− Scavenging activity IC50 (mg/mL) | 1.82 ± 0.32 a | 4.90 ± 0.84 b | 8.42 ± 1.72 |
| Chelating metal ions capacity (%) | 76.90 ± 7.08 a | 26. 17 ± 6.92 b | 13.69 ± 2.35 c |
| TBARS assay IC50 (mg/mL) | 7.59 ± 1.85 a | 17.78 ± 3.97 b | 24.40 ± 4.98 c |
Sample was analyzed in triplicate and data are presented as means ± standard deviation. a,b,c represent significant difference for p < 0.05. GAE, Gallic Acid Equivalents; CEq, Catechin Equivalents; βcarotE, β-carotene Equivalents; LE, L-leucine Equivalents; Prol, Proline; FRAP, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power; O2•−, RSA, Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activity; TBARS, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; TE, Trolox equivalents; DPPH, DPPH radical scavenging activity.